危害食品安全犯罪主观明知认定问题探讨

Study on the Subjective Cognizance of Food Safety Crime

生产、销售不符合安全标准食品罪要求行为人对食品不符合安全标准和食品具有现实危险均具备明知。生产、销售有毒有害食品罪要求行为人既对食品中掺入了非食品原料具有明知,并且认识到它的有毒、有害性。主观明知存在确定性明知和不确定性明知的程度划分,但不影响明知认定。如果行为人对明知对象具有认识的可能性就具备明知,在实践中一般通过推定方式认定。行为人对认识内容发生事实认识错误时,按照法定符合说区别情况予以处理。

The crime of foodproduction and sale demands the actors to realize the food do not meet the safety stand- ards, as well as the specific hazards that endanger food safety. The crime of the toxic and harmful foodproduction and sale requires the perpetrator of the food mixed with non-food raw materials with knowingly, but also recognize the non-food raw materials toxic and harmful. The degree of knowing includes certainty of knowing and uncertainty. If the actor has the possibility of knowing the content, he knows that. In practice, it is generally determined by pre- sumption. When the perpetrators know the facts with wrong view, it should be handled in accordance with the stat- ute viewdifferentlv.