5个引进猪种与圩猪杂交后代的屠宰性能及肉质性状比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Slaughter and Meat Quality Traits of the Hybrid Pigs from Five Introduced Pigs and Wei Pig

为筛选地方品种圩猪的最佳杂交父本,实验选择巴克夏猪、杜洛克猪、皮特兰猪、大白猪和长白猪分别与圩猪母猪进行杂交,杂交后代体重达90 kg时进行屠宰,进行肉质和肌肉成分的比较分析。结果表明:杜×圩、巴×圩被毛全黑,皮×圩除额头有块白毛外,其余被毛全黑,大×圩和长×圩猪被毛以白毛为主,伴有少许黑斑;皮×圩的屠宰率性能最佳,主要体现在屠宰率最高、背膘最薄、眼肌面积最大,其次为杜×圩猪;杜×圩在肉色评分、大理石纹评分、L_(24h)、a_(24h)、b_(24h)、失水率、肌肉总脂肪和游离脂肪含量均优于其他4个杂交组合;皮×圩的肌肉总蛋白质含量、肌肉总氨基酸、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量均最高;各杂交猪的必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例均差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,建议选择杜洛克猪为生产优质黑毛猪肉的杂交父本;若只考虑生长性能和高瘦肉率,以皮特兰猪为宜。

In order to find out the best hybrid model with the Anhui local breed Wei pig, five introduced boar pigs, Berkshire, Duroc, Pietrain, Large white and Landrace, were use to mate the local breed Wei sows. The posterities of five hybrid models were fed together using the same feeds. Four finished pigs were selected to slaughter when the body weight was up to 90 kg of each pig. After slaughtering, the meat quality and components of longissimusdorsi muscle were determined. The results showed that the body colors of the Berkshire ×Wei pig（BW） and Duroc×Wei pig（DW） were black and other colors were not found. The body color of Pietrian×Wei（PW） was also black, but a white hair-belt between the eyebrows. The body color of Large White×Wei（WW） and landrance×Wei（LW） were mainly white, while there were occasionally gray patches in everywhere of the body.The best hybrid model with the highest slaughter performance is PW, which mainly included the highest slaughter rate, the thinnest back fat and the largest area of the eye muscle, and followed by DW. In terms of meat quality, DW was superior to the other 4h ybrid models in meat color score, marbling score, L24h, a24h, a24h, loss water rate, muscle total fat and free fat content.The content of muscle total protein, total amino acid, essential amino acid and fresh amino acid in thelongissimusdorsi muscle were the highest in the PW hybrid model.The ratio of essential amino acids and fresh amino acids to total amino acids was not significant in these 5 hybrid models（P〉0.05）. In summary, Duroc breed was the best male parent line recommended to produce black hybrid pig, and Pietrain is best recommended to produce hybrid pig with high lean rate and growth rate.