影响学前教育师范生教师职业选择的因素——基于FIT-Choice模型的实证分析

Influencing Factors of Preschool Education Normal Students' Teaching Career Choice Based on the Empirical Analysis of the FIT-Choice Model

学前教育师范生职业选择是影响其职业发展的重要因素,对学前教师队伍质量与稳定具有重要影响。本研究选择五年制专科院校、三年制专科院校、本科院校各1所共548名学前教育师范生为研究对象,采用《教师职业选择影响因素量表》调查其从教动机、职业认识和职业选择满意度,结果发现其职业认识与职业选择满意度的平均值高于整体平均水平,但从教动机的平均值最低,且低于整体平均水平;在从教动机各因素中,社会效用价值因素的动机作用最强,备选职业因素的动机作用最弱,内在价值、个人效用价值、自我效能感因素的动机作用偏弱;学前教育师范生普遍认为教师职业是一种专业要求高、职业压力大、社会地位及工资水平较低的职业;从教动机、职业认识与职业选择满意度显著相关。培养院校应引导学前教育师范生提高对教师职业价值的认识,树立职业信仰,厘清自我职业倾向,建立合理的职业期望,积极应对职业专业化的挑战,同时还应完善教育实习时间及实习指导安排,制定统一的专业培养基准,提升学前教育师范生培养质量。

The teaching career choice of a preschool education normal student is an important factor that affects his or her career development and has a profound influence on the quality and stability of the preschool teachers＇ team. The study adopts the scale of ＂Factors Influencing Teaching Choice＂ to investigate teaching motivation, career cognition and satisfactory degree of career choice of 548 preschool education normal students from five-year specialized college, three-year specialized college and undergraduate college and result shows that the average of beliefs about teaching and satisfaction with teaching choice is higher than the overall average level, the lowest average level of motivation, and lower than the overall average; in the dimension of teaching motivation, the factor of social utility value has the strongest effect on motivation while the factor of alternative career being the weakest effect and the factors of intrinsic value, personal utility value and self-efficacy perception has weaker effects on teaching motivation; it is widely believed in preschool education normal students that the teaching career is charactered with higher professional requirement, greater occupational stress, a lower social status and wage level; preschool education normal students own a higher satisfactory degree of career choice and teaching motive and career cognition are obviously related with the satisfactory degree of career choice while there is a difference of correlation between different iactors; it is suggested that the colleges that nourish the preschool education normal students should guide colleges to improve teaching career cognition and establish a belief in the teaching career; encourage students to can＇y out a ＂sensible＂ career choice; make a reasonable arrangement of education practice time and practice supervision; promote development of preschool education normal students physically, mentally and professionally and enhance the overall level of preschool education normal students; reasonably rationalize the enrollment ratio of different sources and institutes.