飞机仪表显示系统的可用性评估:眼动和绩效数据证据

Usability Evaluation of Instruments Display Format in Aircraft:Evidences from Eye Movements and Performances

目的检验飞机仪表平视显示系统与下视显示系统的可用性特点。方法观察专业组和业余组飞行员基于两种显示系统完成仪表飞行任务时的操作绩效,以及次任务对之的影响,同时监测两组受试者的眼动过程。结果相对于下视显示系统,平视显示系统地平仪上注视数据减少(注视比率、平均注视时间),跳读地平仪频率增加;高度偏差增加,航向偏差减少。平视显示系统不影响业余组高度偏差,却导致专业组高度偏差增加。此外,次任务状态对业余组的影响程度甚于其对专业组的影响程度。结论平视显示系统与下视显示系统各有优势与不足,两种显示系统的可用性特点受到个体经验的调节。

Objective To evaluate the usability of head-down displays and head-up displays in aircraft. Methods The influneces of information display format and secondary tasks on the performances and eye movements of professional and amateur pilots in instrument reference flying were explored. Results Compared with headdown displays,proportional dwell time and mean fixation duration in altitude indicator region reduced,the saccades that skipped altitude indicator increased,and altitude deviation increased,and heading deviation reduced when pilots used head-up displays for instrument reference flying. For the performances,it was found that compared with using head-down displays,altitude deviation of professional group increased when the head-up displays were used for instrument reference flying,however,the amateur group was not influenced by the factor of display formats,and that the degree of interruption by secondary task to amateur was more serious than that to the professional. Conclusion Both head-down displays and head-up displays have advantages and disadvantages,experiences mediate the usability of display formats.