不同形貌聚苯胺-过渡金属氧化物复合材料的制备及其在电化学中的应用研究进展

Preparation of Polyaniline-transition Metal Oxide Composites with Different Morphologies and Its Applications in Electrochemistry

聚苯胺(PANI)与过渡金属氧化物(TMO)具有良好的物理和化学性质,但它们在很多领域的应用仍受到自身缺陷的限制。而PANI与TMO复合后形成的纳米复合材料,二者之间可产生协同及互补作用,能够有效地克服两种材料的缺陷、提高复合材料的电化学性能。本文综述了硬模板、软模板存在下管状、棒状、球状、纤维状、花状等不同形貌PANI-TMO纳米复合材料的制备,着重介绍了通过化学氧化聚合法在TMO表面聚合苯胺。还综述了不同形貌的纳米复合材料在超级电容器、锂离子电池、传感器等电化学领域的应用。

Polyaniline （PANI） and transition metal oxide （TMO） have good physical and chemical properties, however, their applications in many areas are still subject to their own limitations. While the nanocomposites formed by PANI and TMO can bring synergistic and complementary effects, which can effectively overcome their own defects and improve the electrochemical properties of the composites. In this paper, the preparation of PANI-TMO nanocomposites with tubular, rod, spherical, fibrous and flower morphologies is reviewed, using hard template and soft template synthesis methods. A chemical oxidative method to polymerize aniline on the surface of TMO is reviewed emphatically. The applications of nanocomposites with a diversity of morphologies in the electrochemical fields, such as supercapacitor, lithium ion battery and sensor, are also summarized.