中国要素份额决定模型及主导力量研究——对要素价格、技术偏向与经济增长的共同考察

Determining Mechanism and Dominant Force of China's Factor Shares:the Influence of Factor Price,Biased Technical Change and Economic Growth

本文基于超越对数成本函数推导要素份额决定方程,在统一框架下考察要素价格、技术偏向及经济增长等多层级因素的影响,借助统计分解方法揭示我国要素份额变动的主导力量,并剖析其时间变化与空间差异。研究发现:面板计量模型估计结果十分稳健,要素比价上升导致劳动份额下降,这是由我国替代弹性小于1决定的;无论全国还是各省区,要素价格始终是要素份额变动的主导力量;经济增长对劳动份额影响为负,但其退居次要因素、且存在区域分化;技术偏向影响持续提高,成为重要的辅助因素。为改善我国要素分配结构,政策调控应以推进要素市场深化改革为根本抓手,并注重区分主导因素的时空差异。

The core purpose of this paper is to explore the determining mechanism and dominant force of the movement of China’s factor share.Based on factor share determining equation derived from Translog cost function,we investigate the influence of factor price,biases of technical change and economic growth on factor distributions of income within a unified framework.Based on provincial panel econometric models,estimated structural parameters are very robust and consistent with economic theory expectations：labour’s income share decline as the ratio of factor price（r/w）rising,which can be validated byσ〈1 in China.By decomposition of both national and provincial labour’s income share,we confirm that factor price is the dominant force,while the economic growth degenerate a minor force polarized among provinces,and biases of technical change become an important force due to its rising impact.In order to improve China’s factor distributions of income,the policy regulation should be carried out by promoting the deepening reform of the factor market and paying attention to the spatial and temporal differences of the dominant factors.