中老年人口健康差异的影响因素分析

The Influencing Factors of Health Inequality on the Middle-aged and Elderly

文章使用2013和2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据,采用Wagstaff指数和Erreygers指数测算中国中老年群体健康差异,并使用RIF-I-OLS分解方法从社会经济地位、人口学特征和生活环境3个方面对影响中老年健康及其差异的因素进行分析。结果显示,中老年群体的健康状况呈平稳上升趋势,收入、教育、性别、年龄、婚姻状况、家庭规模、睡眠时长和地区等因素对中老年群体健康及健康差异有重要影响,其中收入水平、受教育程度和睡眠时长的增加有利于健康状况的改善,但中老年健康水平存在显著地区和性别差异,发达地区、男性、已婚群体健康水平高于贫穷地区、女性、未婚群体。虽然中国富人的健康水平高于穷人,但这种健康差异在明显缩小,收入和睡眠时长既利于健康水平的提高,又利于健康差异的缩小,而受教育程度对健康差异的影响呈非线性特征。

Based on the 2013 and 2015 micro-data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHRLS), this paper estimates health inequality of the middle-aged and elderly by using Wagstaff index and Erreygers index, and uses RIF-I-OLS to analyse the influencing factors of health inequality on middle-aged and elderly in terms of socio-economic status, demographic characteristics and living environment. The result shows that the health level of the middle-aged and elderly have a steady upward trend. Such factors as income, education, gender, age, married status, family size,sleeping time and region have important impacts on their health. The increase of income, education level and sleeping time are beneficial to the improvement of health condition. However, there are significant differences in health condition among people from different regions and gender. Health condition of people who live in developed areas, being male or married are better than that of their counterparts living in underdeveloped areas, female or those remaining single. Even though health inequality favoring the rich, this inequality is markedly declining. Income and sleeping time are good not only for the improvement of health condition, but also for the reduction of health inequality. The effect of education on health inequality seems to be non-linear.