不同耕作方式对夏玉米土壤含水量的影响研究

Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Soil Moisture in Summer Maize

为精确研究不同耕作方式对夏玉米土壤水分变化的影响,选择常规耕作秸秆还田和深松秸秆还田两种耕作措施,通过对两种耕作方式下玉米全生育期土壤水分的实时监测,分析玉米土壤水分在不同时间尺度的动态变化规律。研究结果表明:(1)深松能提高10、30、70 cm土壤含水量,分别提高了7.66%、8.74%和6.37%,两种耕作方式下30 cm土层的土壤含水量变化呈现较大差异;(2)从小时尺度研究发现两种耕作方式下雨后各层土壤含水量的变化过程差异较大。雨后土壤水达到饱和后常规耕作时10 cm土壤水在晚上突降,而深松耕作在一天内逐渐下降;(3)除出苗期外,深松能显著提高其他生育期的土壤含水量,拔节期和灌浆期提升最多,分别提升5.00%和6.03%;(4)深松增产5.70%。

In order to evaluate the effect of different tillage methods on soil moisture of maize accurately,the research monitored the soil moisture during the whole growth period under conventional tillage with returning straw and subsoiling with returning straw in real time and analyzed the dynamic changes of soil moisture at different time scales. The results indicated：（1） Subsoiling can increase the soil water content of 10,30 and 70 cm respectively by 7.66%,8.74% and 6.37%.The soil moisture of 30 cm soil layer under the two tillage methods showed a big difference.（2） At hourly scale,it was found that the variation of each layer soil water content of two tillage methods is quite different after raining. When the soil moisture reaches its peak after rain,the soil water content of 10 cm during the conventional tillage will dip at night,and that during the subsoiling tillage would gradually decline during one day.（3） In addition to the seedling stage,the subsoiling can significantly improve the soil moisture of other growth stages of which jointing and filling stage to increase by 5.00% and 6.03%.（4）Compared with conventional tillage,subsoiling could increase yield by 5.70%.