文献传播学视野下的《水浒传》作者研究

Study of the Author of Tales of Marshes from the Perspective of Literature Communication

从文献传播学视野进行古代小说研究,有助于深入探讨小说文献及其载体的文本信息源、写作者、文献传递者、传播渠道、传播手段及传播环境等方面对古代小说传播与诠解的影响。据此探究《水浒传》的作者时,可以发现在明代《水浒传》版本题署、目录学著述、相关族谱与家谱、明人札记等《水浒传》早期流传的文献载体中,或作施耐庵,或作罗贯中,或署施、罗二氏,众说纷纭。然而,上述文献载体的记录者与《水浒传》之间均非直接相关,所言的信息来源多系＂听＂＂闻＂或阅读＂故老传闻＂,研判结论多属感性认识,甚至存在互抄与随意发挥等现象。从《百川书志》等明代目录学著述到郎瑛、李贽、冯梦龙、＂笑花主人＂等涵盖彼时社会各阶层的时人札记,再到现存《水浒传》早期刊本的版刻题署,多将施耐庵与罗贯中二人并举。通过这些多重证据可知,施耐庵与罗贯中对《水浒传》最终定型的作用甚大,两人皆是作品的重要编纂者,不可随意抹杀其中任何一人。而《施耐庵墓志》《故处士施公墓志铭》《施氏长门谱》等文献所提及的施彦端与写作《水浒传》的施耐庵二者是否为同一人,仍缺乏有效勾连的证据,有待学界进一步深入研究。

From the perspective of literature communication,we can study ancient Chinese novels from the impact of documented form,information sources,communication channels and environment on spreading and interpreting of texts. About the author of Tales of Marshes,among the early versions of Tales of Marshes such as the bibliology,related genealogy and Ming people＇s reading notes,we can find some recorded names such as Shi Naian or Luo Guanzhong,and some are recorded as both Shi Naian Luo Guanzhong. However,the recorders of these documents do not have close relationship to Tales of Marshes,and their information mostly comes from hearing or reading old hearsays,thus their judgments are not objective or even arbitrary.However,from Bai Chuan＇s Reading Notes to the reading notes of Lang Ying,Li Zhi,Feng Menglong and Xiao Hua Zhu Ren to existing inscribing of early versions of Tales of Marshes,it is mostly acknowledge that the author of Tales of Marshes is both Shi Naian and Luo Guanzhong. It is held that they both contributed to this novel and neither should be neglected. But such a judgement still lacks effective evidences and needs further researches in future.