季节性冻土区越冬期河流地表水温度变化特性研究

A Study on Variation Characteristics of Surface Water Temperature in Winter in Seasonal Frozen Soil Regions

为了探求越冬期间日光温室地表灌溉水温度的调控措施,以小东川河地表水为研究对象,借助传热学的方法,分析了越冬期间河流地表水温度的变化特性及其成因。结果表明:在水面非结冰期和结冰期,水温的变化趋势与气温的变化趋势一致,河流地表水温度都具有随气温呈余弦的日变化规律;在水面结冰期河流地表水温度基本处于相对稳定(-3.6℃左右)状态,而且水温持续高于气温;河床砂卵石介质对河流地表水的热量补给作用、河流表面冰盖及薄层空气的隔热作用和不同介质比热的差异是河流地表水水温变化特性产生的关键原因;河流地表水水温与气温具有较明显的线性相关关系,相关系数在0.9以上。研究结果可为越冬期日光温室灌溉水温的调控提供基础参数和依据。

In order to explore the control measures of surface irrigation water temperature in solar greenhouse during wintering,this paper took the surface water of Xiaodongchuan River as a research object in the solar greenhouse group of Xinyi Town,Lishi District,Shanxi Province. Based on tracking test data of air temperature outdoor,surface river temperature and media temperature of river bed,the change characteristics of river surface water temperature and its causes were analyzed by means of heat transfer. The results showed that the change trend of water temperature was consistent with the change of air temperature during the non-freezing period and the freezing period,and the surface water temperature of the river had the daily variation of cosine law with the temperature. In the freezing period,the surface water temperature of the river was basically in the relatively stable state（-3.6 ℃ or so） and the water temperature was continues higher than air temperature. Heat supply of river sand pebble for surface river water,insulation effect of surface river ice sheet and thin layer of air and the specific heat of the different media were the key reason of the surface river water temperature variation. The surface water temperature of the river had a clear linear correlation with the temperature,and the correlation coefficient was above 0. 9. The results can provide the basic parameters and basis for the regulation of irrigation water temperature in wintering greenhouse.