道德两难困境范式在心理学研究中的使用:回顾与展望

Application of Moral Dilemma Paradigm in Psychology:Review and Prospect

道德两难困境作为道德研究的经典范式,在心理学研究中广泛使用。本文综述了道德两难困境范式使用的基本问题、个体和文化差异并提出未来的研究展望。其中个体差异包括性别、人格特质、情绪状态、认知负荷等;文化差异包括语言、宗教以及种族,特别是在语言差异上表现出外语效应。对这些影响因素的回顾与总结,既有利于理解道德判断的内在机制,又有利于道德两难困境使用的规范化。未来的研究需要关注道德两难困境的标准化、使用道德两难问题应对新的伦理挑战以及探讨本土化的道德问题。

The moral dilemma is the classic paradigm for moral judgment. This paper summarized the basic problems and influencing factors in using moral dilemma paradigm. There are systematic individual and cultural differences in judging the moral dilemmas. The Individual differences include gender differences, personality traits differences, emotional state differences, cognitive load differences; The cultural differences include language differences, religion and ethnic differences, especially the foreign language effects in moral dilemma judgement. To explore these influential factors in moral judgment not only helps to understand the underlying mechanism of individual moral judgments, but also is beneficial to the practice and application of moral theory. Future researches should focus on the standardization of moral dilemmas, and how to use the moral dilemma in the context of China to explore the moral issues of localization also have brought challenges and expectations for future researchers.