回避型依恋个体记忆缺损的行为特点及神经机制

The Feature and Neural Mechanism of Memory Deficits in Individuals with Avoidant Attachment

回避型依恋个体的记忆缺损源于对依恋相关信息的注意回避、编码不足、负性重构偏向及提取失败。文章基于回避型个体消极的他人表征及脆弱/积极的自我表征,展开论述了回避型依恋风格影响记忆加工的内部工作模式与去激活策略、记忆各阶段的加工特点以及自动-控制加工水平的神经机制,呈现出"警惕-抑制"的两阶段加工模型。去激活策略只有在控制加工水平才能在情绪和行为上发挥抑制作用,需要额外的认知资源来应对焦虑和自我调节,从而导致了记忆缺损。未来研究可以从丰富实验材料中的依恋关系类型、扩展回避型个体对记忆内容情绪的感知研究、进一步探讨回避型个体对多种情境事件和人际关系的记忆等角度进行深入探讨。

Memory deficits attachment-related information in individuals with avoidant attachment may be resulted from attention avoidance, inadequate encoding, negative reconstruction bias and failure of recollection. Based on negative other-representation and fragile/positive self-representations of avoidant individuals, this article discussed three aspects ineluding internal working models and deactivated strategies, the memory processing features on each stages and neural mechanism on automatic-controlled processing levels in avoidant individuals. The deactivate strategy plays an inhibitory role in mood and behavior only in the condition of consciousness, requiring additional cognitive resources to cope with anxiety and self-regulation, which may result in memory deficits in avoidant individuals. Future researches should turn the attention to enriching the attachment relationship types of experimental materials, and expanding the researches on avoidant individuals＇ emotional awareness of memory contents, and the memory of various situational events and interpersonal relationships.