高中生阈下自闭特质与共情、友谊风格的关系

Relationship between Autistic Traits Below Clinical Thresholds and Empathy and Friendship Style

目的:探索高中生阈下自闭特质及其与共情、友谊风格的关系。方法:采用自闭谱系商数(AQ)量表中文版、共情商数量表(EQ)中文版、友谊量表(FQ)中文版对574名高中生施测。结果:(1)高中生阈下自闭特质性别差异不显著,学科差异表现为文科学生低于未分科学生(P<0.05);共情能力和友谊风格的性别、学科差异都显著,表现为女生高于男生,文科生高于理科学生和未分科学生(P<0.05);(2)高中生阈下自闭特质与友谊风格、共情呈负相关关系(P<0.01);(3)共情在高中生阈下自闭特质与友谊风格关系中的中介效应显著,占总效应的18.1%。结论:高中生阈下自闭特质分别与共情能力和友谊风格呈负相关关系,共情在阈下自闭特质对友谊风格的影响中中介效应显著。

Objective： We aimed to explore the relationship among autistic traits below the clinical thresholds, empathy and friendship in high school students. Methods： 574 participants were recruited to complete the Chinese version of Autism Spectrum Quotient（AQ）, Empathy Quotient（EQ） and the Friendship Questionnaire（FQ）. Results： （1）There was no significant sex difference on the autistic traits, while students studying in humanity and social science scored lower than students having not chosen a discipline; Meanwhile, both the empathy and friendship style showed significant sex differences with girls scoring higher than boys（P〈0.05）; there were significant disciplinary differences on the empathy and friendship style with students studying in humanity and social science scoring higher than those studying in science or having not chosen a discipline（P〈0.05）; （2）There were significantly negative correlations between autistic traits and friendship style（P〈 0.01）, and between autistic traits and empathy（P〈0.0l）; （3）The mediation effect of empathy on the relationship between autistic traits and friendship was significant, accounting for the 18. 1% of the total effect. Conclusion： Autistic traits below the clinical thresholds has a negative correlation with the empathy and friendship style in high school students; furthermore, empathy plays a significant mediator effect between these two factors.