脱硫石膏不同施用量对新疆盐碱土壤改良效果及作物产量的影响

Effects of different application amount of flue gas desulfurization gypsum on amelioration of saline-alkali soil and crop yield in Xinjiang, China

为了探究脱硫石膏改良盐碱土的最佳施用量,以新疆玛纳斯河流域石河子绿洲盐碱地为研究对象,研究脱硫石膏不同施用量对小麦产量以及土壤理化性质的影响,并对脱硫石膏改良盐碱土壤进行安全性评价。研究表明:脱硫石膏施用量2 t·(667 m^2)^(-1)(2 t)比施用量为1 t·(667 m^2)^(-1)(1 t)、3 t·(667 m^2)^(-1)(3 t)更有利于降低土壤容重、增加土壤孔隙度;对土壤pH和电导率降低能力表现为2 t>3 t>1 t;2 t处理土壤中Na^+、K^+、Mg^(2+)含量均低于1 t和3 t处理;脱硫石膏量为2 t·(667 m^2)^(-1)对小麦产量增加效果最好,2 t处理较3 t和1 t处理产量分别增加9.48%和2.21%,综合评价脱硫石膏施用后对土壤改良效果及作物产量,以施用量2 t·(667 m^2)^(-1)作用效果显著。

Soil salinization is considered as the most important abiotic stress limiting crop production and degrading soil properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate optimal application amount of flue gas desulfurization（FGD）gypsum on the amelioration of saline-alkali soil. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of different application amounts of FGD gypsum on wheat yield and soil physic-chemical properties, and to evaluate the safety of FGD gypsum on ameliorated saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, China. The results indicated that 2 t·（667 m^2）^-1（2 t） of FGD gypsum application amount is more conductive to declining soil bulk density and increasing soil porosity than 1 t·（667 m^2）^-1（1 t）and 3 t·（667 m^2）^-1（3 t）. Application amount of 2 t FGD gypsum had the strongest ability to reduce soil pH and electrical conductivity, followed by 3 t and 1 t. The concentrations of Na^＋, K^＋ and Mg^2＋ in 2 t treatment were lower than those in 1 t and 3 t treatments. Compared with 3 t and 1 t treatments, wheat yield in 2 t treatment significantly enhanced by 9.48%and 2.21%. Together, application amount of 2 t FGD gypsum is a fit-for-purpose method in ameliorating saline-alkali soil and increasing wheat yield.