旅游地居民对政府信任的影响因素实证研究——以世界文化遗产地开平碉楼与村落为例

An Empirical Study on the Influence Factors of the Residents' Political Trust:The Case of Kaiping Towers and Villages

政府信任是政治学、社会学新兴的研究领域,旅游研究对此鲜有涉及。文章以旅游地居民对政府信任的影响因素为研究目标,借鉴了西方学者的研究范式,从政府信任的制度理论、文化理论和社会交换理论的3种理论视角,构建了6个理论假设维度。以广东省开平市自力村、马降龙村、锦江里村3个村落为研究案例地,展开实证调研,运用SmartPLS 3.0软件分析相关数据。研究结果表明,政府绩效、居民决策权、人际信任、文化价值观和感知利益对政府信任有显著正向影响,感知成本对政府信任影响不显著;且政府绩效与人际信任的影响程度最大,其次是文化价值观,最后是居民决策权和感知利益。研究为旅游地政府的善政良治提供理论支持,从而实现旅游业的可持续发展。

Political trust is an emerging research dimension in politics and sociology, and a subject of great importance in the field of tourism. This paper studies the factors and influence of how much trust on the government have those who live in touristic destinations. Six theoretical hypotheses were developed upon previous researches conducted by western scholars and also on the basis of the latest research trends in the areas of institutional theory, cultural theory and social exchange theory. We believe that these six factors have a significant effect on assessing the residents＇ political trust. The population from which the information was gathered were residents of famous touristic destinations in Guangdong（South China）, upon the following six hypothesis： government performance, locals＇ decision-making power, interpersonal trust, cultural values, perceived benefits of tourism and perceived cost of tourism. The survey was conducted in three villages, i.e., Zili, Maxianglong and Jinjiangli, all in Kaiping county, Guangdong Province. The data, which was analyzed using the Smart PLS 3.0 software,revealed that the hypotheses which have a significant positive impact on political trust are： government performance, locals. decision-making power, interpersonal trust, cultural values and perceived benefits of tourism, whereas the perceived cost of tourism development has no significant impact on trusting the government or not. The results showed that government performance and interpersonal trust have the greatest influence, followed by cultural values; that residents. decision-making power and perceived benefits are not that significant; and that the impact of perceived cost of tourism development is insignificant. It＇s worth mentioning that our study presents different conclusions than those put forward by western scholars. In China, the locals＇ trust on the government is influenced not only by the performance of the government but also by cultural values, which have been passed down generation after generation by Chinese traditional culture. Since people living in villages strongly rely on the government, they are easily willing to accept government intervention and thus the perceived cost of tourism development is not significant in determining their political trust. There may be several reasons for this： maybe residents＇ demands are timely met by local governments, maybe the development of tourism is still unsaturated in the aforementioned three villages, maybe residents are fond of the tourism policies put forwards by the government＇s or, perhaps, they are just influenced by other cultural values.In any case, this research provides guidance to local governments for right decision-making in the realm of tourism, as well as theoretical support for the sustainable development of tourism.