河南大学生体育意识与行为现状及其相关性分析

Correlation between physical activity awareness and physical behavior among college students in Henan province

目的调查大学生体育意识与体育行为现状及两者的相关性,为改善大学生体育意识和体育行为提供依据。方法采用问卷调查法,对河南省6所普通高校1 836名非体育专业在校大学生的体育意识与体育行为进行调查。结果大学生体育认知、体育情感和体育意志得分分别为(18.05±2.29)(14.87±3.31)和(10.11±2.17)分,3个维度得分之间的相关系数均在0.5以上(P值均<0.01),男生3个维度的得分均高于女生(t值分别为7.149,17.238,10.065,P值均<0.01)。经常参加体育锻炼的大学生占33.4%,91.6%的大学生每次参加体育锻炼的运动强度能够达到"中等"负荷以上。53.3%的大学生体育频率在2次/周以下,38.6%的大学生每次锻炼持续时间在30 min以内。男生在锻炼强度、持续时间和锻炼频率方面均高于女生(P值均<0.01)。体育锻炼频率高、每次锻炼持续时间长、运动强度大的大学生体育认知、体育情感和体育意志得分均较高(P值均<0.01)。结论大学生的体育意识总体水平一般,锻炼强度较大,体育认知、体育情感和体育意志相互影响。有必要采取有效措施培养大学生的体育意识,改善其体育行为。

Objective To understand awareness of physical activity and physical behaviors among college students. Methods The physical activity awareness and physical behavior among 1 836 non-physical education major college students from 6 ordinary colleges and universities in Henan Province were investigated with questionnaire survey. Results Score on sports awareness,attitude and behavior was 18.05±2.29, 14.87±3.31 and 10.11±2.17, respectively, with male students higher than female students（ P〈0.01）. Significant correlations were found（ P〈0.01）. College students with regular physical exercise accounted for 33.4%, about91.6% of all the participants have moderate level of physical exercise. However, more than half（ 53. 3%） reported exercised less than 2 times per week and 38.6% exercised for less than 30 min each time. Male students performed better in exercise intensity, duration and frequency than that of female students（ P〈0.01）. Sports awareness, attitude and behaviors was significantly higher among those with high frequency of physical exercise, long duration of exercise and high intensity of exercise（ P〈0. 01）. Conclusion Physical activity awareness among of college students is at a general level. College students have satisfying intensity, but unsatisfying frequency and duration of physical exercise, especially among female students. Intercorrelation among physical activity awareness, attitude and behavior requires further attention. It is necessary to take effective measures to cultivate physical activity motivation, and improve physical exercise participation.