河北省2011—2015年儿童伤害病例监测分析

Analysis of children injuries in Hebei Province from 2011 to 2015

目的分析2011—2015年河北省儿童伤害病例不同年龄组的分布特征,为儿童伤害的干预提供科学依据。方法对因伤害首次就诊于河北省6家伤害监测哨点医院急诊室的儿童病例进行描述性分析。结果 5年共收集儿童伤害病例17 328例,占伤害总病例数的14.59%,其中男、女性别比为2.04∶1,男、女伤害原因构成差异有统计学意义(χ~2=184.83,P<0.01)。儿童伤害频发于5—10月,1天中发生时间主要集中于10:00—12:00和18:00左右;伤害发生原因前3位依次为跌倒或坠落(57.10%)、机动车车祸(15.50%)和钝器伤(7.29%);伤害经常发生的地点为家中(45.14%)、公路或街道上(33.33%)以及学校与公共场所(13.05%),发生时的活动主要为做家务(61.85%);伤害发生最多的部位是头部(36.81%);伤害性质以挫伤/擦伤所占比例最高(64.01%);以非故意伤害(94.63%)、轻度伤害(73.56%)、经处理后离院(70.58%)为主。不同年龄组伤害严重程度构成差异有统计学意义(χ~2=85.72,P<0.01)。结论河北省2011—2015年儿童伤害病例不同年龄组呈现不同特征,儿童伤害发生的原因、地点等特征与儿童年龄密切相关。应根据不同年龄采取有针对性的干预措施。

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of children＇s injured cases in different age groups from2011 to 2015 in Hebei Province in order to provide a scientific basis for interventions of children injury. Methods Descriptive analysis was carried out on children＇s injury cases in the sentinel hospitals for the first time. Results A total of 17 328 injured cases were reported in five years,accounting for 14.59% in the total number of injury cases.Sex ratio of male to female was 2.04 ∶ 1,there was significant difference in injuries occurrence between male and female（ χ^2= 184. 83,P〈0.01）. Most injuries were occurred during May to October, and at 10： 00 to 12： 00 am and around 18： 00 pm. Top three causes of injury were falls（ 57.10%）, motor vehicle traffic accidents（ 15.50%）, and blunt force injuries（ 7. 29%）. The main locations where the injuries happened were home（ 45.14%）, road or street（ 33.33%）, school and public places（ 13. 05%）, the injuries mainly occurred during doing housework（ 61.85%）. Injured parts were mainly head（ 36. 81%）. The main nature of injury was bruise or scratch（ 64. 01%）. Most of the cases were unintentional（ 94.63%）,mild injury（ 73.56%）, going home after treatment（ 70.58%）. There was significant difference in age groups according to the severity（ χ^2= 85.72,P〈0.01）. Conclusion Children＇s injury cases in Hebei Province from 2011 to 2015 showed a different characteristic in different age group. The causes of injury, location, etc. were closely related to the children＇s age, thus preventive measures should be taken according to different age.