儿童体重血压与盐味觉阈值的关系

Relationship between weight, blood pressure and sodium chloride( NaCl) taste threshold salt in Children

目的了解不同体重儿童盐味觉阈值与血压的关系,为儿童高血压预防提供资料。方法方便抽取石家庄市西王小学102名10~12岁小学生为研究对象(男生52名,女生50名),分别进行人体测量、血压测定和检测盐味觉阈值。根据体质量指数(BMI)分为正常体重组和超重肥胖组,比较不同性别学生肥胖或超重的分布以及不同体重分组中血压的分布,并对收缩压与盐味觉阈值进行相关分析。结果学生中有42名肥胖或超重。正常体重组平均年龄、舒张压[(10.3±0.8)岁,(65.8±2.3)mm Hg]与超重肥胖组[(10.6±0.9)岁、(66.6±2.7)mm Hg]差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为1.73,1.52,P值均>0.05);超重肥胖组BMI、腰围、收缩压[(24.7±0.6)kg/m2,(76.9±2.2)cm,(113.4±1.9)mm Hg]均高于正常体重组[(19.4±0.4)kg/m^2,(56.4±0.9)cm,(102.6±1.3)mm Hg](t值分别为167.30,53.14,28.80,P值均<0.01);正常体重组与肥胖超重组血压构成差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.010,P>0.05);正常体重组盐味觉阈值[(3.0±1.7)mmol/L]低于肥胖超重组[(3.8±1.5)mmol/L](t=2.51,P<0.05);体重正常组和超重肥胖组收缩压与盐味觉阈值的r值分别为0.327,0.390(P值均<0.05)。结论超重或肥胖儿童对咸味更不敏感,导致摄入盐增加,从而使血压升高。

Objective To study the relationship between salt taste threshold and blood pressure among different weight children, in order to provide information for the prevention of hypertension in children. Methods A total of 102 elementary school students（ 58 boys and 52 girls）, aged 10 to 12 years old, were selected. Anthropometry, blood pressure and salt taste threshold of them were measured. According with BMI, they were divided into normal body weight group and overweight or obesity group. The relationship between systolic blood pressure and salt taste threshold were analyzed. Results There were 42 obese or overweight among the participants. The average age, diastolic blood pressure of normal weight group were no significant difference with those of overweight or obesity group（ 10.3±0.8） y vs（ 10.6±0.9） y,（ 65.8±2.3） mm Hg vs（ 66.6±2.7） mm Hg）. BMI, waist circumference and systolic blood pressure in the overweight or obesity group were significantly higher than those in the normal weight group（ [（ 24.7±0.6） kg/m^2,vs（ 19.4±0.4） kg/m^2,（ 76.9±2.2） cm vs（ 56.4±0.9） cm,（ 113.4±1.9） mm Hg vs（ 102.6± 1.3） mm Hg]. The χ^2 test results show that there was no significant difference between the normal weight group and the obesity or overweight group（ χ^2= 1.10,P〉0.05）. The salt taste threshold of all the research object, the normal weight group and overweight or obese group respectively were（ 3.3±1.9） mmol/L,（ 3.0±1.7） mmol/L and（ 3.8±1.5） mmol/L. The salt taste threshold of the obesity or overweight group was significantly higher than that of normal weight group（ t = 2. 51,P〈0. 05）. In the normal weight group, the correlation coefficient of systolic blood pressure and salt taste threshold was 0.327（ P〈0.05）. The correlation coefficient between the systolic blood pressure and the salt taste threshold was 0.390（ P〈0.05） in the overweight or obesity group）. Conclusion Overweight or obese children are less sensitive to salt, which may lead to increased salt intake, leading to higher blood pressure in children.