宁夏地区2014年中小学生恒龋现状及影响因素分析

Prevalence of permanent teeth caries and related influencing factors in Ningxia in 2014

目的了解宁夏地区中小学生恒龋患病情况以及影响因素,为推动儿童青少年口腔健康工作有效进行提供依据。方法使用2014年宁夏回族自治区学生体质与健康调研数据,共选取3 839名7,9,12,14岁回族和汉族中小学生作为研究对象进行口腔检查,记录恒牙龋患、龋失和龋补情况,计算龋患(D)率、龋失(M)率、龋补(F)率、龋失补(DMF)率、龋均,分析影响因素。结果宁夏地区中小学生总体恒牙龋患率、龋失率、龋补率分别为19.6%,4.0%,2.0%;回族学生龋患率、龋失率(23.2%,4.9%)略高于汉族(16.9%,3.3%);女生龋患、龋失、龋补率均高于男生;乡村龋患率高于城镇;年龄越大,龋患、龋失、龋补率越高(P值均<0.05)。总体龋患牙数构成比为42.0%,回族学生高于汉族(42.4%,29.2%)。宁夏地区中小学生恒牙龋均为0.50,回族龋均(0.6)高于汉族(0.42)。Logistic回归模型分析结果显示,民族、性别、年龄、片区及正常、消瘦学生对恒牙龋患的影响均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论宁夏地区中小学生恒龋防治及治疗状况还需进一步提高,尤其需注重回族、乡村、女生学生口腔健康知识教育。

Objective To understand the prevalence of permanent teeth caries and influencing factors between primary and middle schools in Ningxia, devising new tactics of preventing dental caries and oral health scientifically, in order to promote the oral health work of young children. Methods Totally, we choose 3 839 students of Hui and Han in Ningxia as research object, which aged by 7, 9, 12, 14 years old, using a random cluster sampling method. Conducted the oral cavity, and recorded dental caries,caries missing and caries filling, calculated the prevalence of dental caries, caries missing and caries filling as well as analyze these risk factors. Results Overall, the permanent teeth caries rate, caries loss rate and caries filling rate were 19.6%, 4.0%, 2.0% among middle school students in Ningxia area; the dental caries rate and caries loss rate of Hui（ 23.2%, 4.9%） was slightly higher than that of Han nationality（ 16. 9%, 3. 3%）; girls were higher than boys; rural than urban; the older, the higher prevalence of caries and caries loss and the caries filling. The total constituent ratio of caries was 42%, and the Hui students（ 42.4%） were higher than Han（ 29.2%）. The total constituent ratio of the permanent teeth was 0.50, and the constituent ratio of Hui（ 0.6） were higher than that of the Han（ 0.42）. Logistic regression analysis showed that there was statistically significant difference in the caries among the sex, age, area, and normal weight loss students（ P〈0.05）. Conclusion In Ningxia area, the work of dental caries prevention and treatment needs to be improved. At the meantime, laying the oral health problem emphasis on Hui, rural area, girls.