我国肉牛生产成本收益及国际竞争力研究

Study on Cost-benefit and International Competitiveness of China’s Beef Industry

本文基于agri benchmark全球典型养殖户数据,分析了我国同世界主要肉牛强国在成本收益和成本结构方面的差异,并采用显示性比较优势指数（RCA）测算了我国牛肉的出口绩效。结果表明：我国肉牛生产的总成本过高是导致牛肉出口数量持续下降、产业国际竞争力极弱的根本原因。仔畜费和饲喂费是推高我国肉牛养殖总成本的两项主要因素,而造成两项费用较高的原因是能繁母牛供给不足和饲草料价格较高。提升肉牛产业国际竞争力是一个系统工程,节本增效是关键、种养结合是途径、科学管理是保障、政策扶持是助力。

Based on agri benchmark data of typical farmers around the world,this paper has analyzed the differences of profitability and cost structure of beef finishing between China and some countries.Then using revealed comparative advantage index（RCA） to calculate the beef export performance of our country.The result shows that the total cost of beef finishing in China is too high,which leads to the poor competitiveness of beef industry. This is the reason why the decline of beef exports and the extremely weak international competitiveness of the industry. The two main factors of raising the total cost of beef in our country are the price of cub and fodder, which caused by the insufficient inventories of cow-calf and high price of forage/grains/concentrate. It is a systematic project to promote the international competitiveness of beef industry. To decline the cost is the key point. To encourage the development of crop-livestock systems is the efficient measure. To improve the ability of scientific management is the guarantee. The fiscal policy support is powerful catalyst.