历史能重复自身吗——美国敲打日本的当代镜鉴

Can History Repeat Itself? Lessons of U. S. Bashing Japan for Contemporary China

自2017年8月开始,特朗普政府重新开启了美国在经贸领域"敲打中国"的大幕。现有研究虽准确把握了美国敲打中国的战略考量,但我们还需从美国敲打日本的历史中寻找镜鉴。美国敲打日本源于后者经济崛起带给它的"权力转移"恐慌,采用的策略是通过实施关税调查、发起货币谈判、达成构造协议、动用"301条款"和超级"301条款"等手段,将自身市场优势与相对于日本的竞争劣势"关联"起来。当今的中国与昔日的日本既有相同之处,又存在诸多不同。为避免重蹈日本当年的覆辙,中国需重点做出3个方面的战略回应:保持战略定力、坚守战略底线;借力"一带一路",积极拓展对外经贸合作新空间;加大对研发活动的资金和政策支持力度,并坚定不移地贯彻实施国家知识产权战略。

Since August 2017, the Trump administration reopened the curtain of U. S. bashing China in economic and trade fields. The extant studies correctly point out U. S. strategic considerations of bashing China, however, we still need to draw lessons from the history of U. S. bashing Japan. The reason for U. S. bashing Japan is that U. S. was afraid of ＂ power transfer＂ resulted from Japan＇s economic rise. To effectively bash Japan, the U. S. linked its market advantage with its competitive disadvantage vis - α - vis Japan through such means as carrying out duty investigations, implementing currency negotiation, agreeing on ＂ Structural Impediments Initiative＂ （SII） , and initiating Section 301 and ＂ Super 301 ＂ Nowadays China shares a lot with Japan in common, but it is also different from Japan in some aspects. To avoid Japan＇s strategic failure, China needs to respond strategically to U. S. bashing. First, keep its own strategic principles and uphold its own strategic baseline. Second, positively expand new scope and space of economic and trade cooperation by means of the ＂ Belt and Road＂ initiative. Finally, continue to support domestic R＆D activities in funds providing and government policy, meanwhile, firmly carry out national intellectual property strategy.