期与型:考古学概念的纠结——以南关外遗存的探讨为例

Chronology and Typology:The Conceptual Confusion in Archaeology-Centering the Nanguanwai Remains

南关外遗存是夏商考古中的重要研究对象之一。由于发掘原因导致晚期地层中混入早期遗物,因此研究者在判断该遗存的年代、属性、来源时产生了诸多分歧,出现了五花八门的称谓。这些分歧出现的原因除了与发掘资料的解读不同外,还受制于研究者对商文化和先商文化如何界定、商文化来源于哪里、夏商如何分界和夏、商文化是否同源等问题的认知差异。分歧也暴露出考古学概念使用中的混乱和考古学基本方法与理论存在的局限性。研究者在考古发掘中应严格遵守操作规程,阐释过程中尽可能遵守表述规范,并结合更多的科学手段进行理论创新,以突破研究因素复杂考古学对象时所面临的囧境。

The Nanguanwai remains have been one of the major subjects in the Xia-Shang archaeology. Due to technical problems in excavation,remains from late stratigraphic layer can be mixed with those from the early stage,which have led to a series of confusions and debates regarding the discoveries. As for the pre-Shang culture,academic differences are rooted in diverse understandings of the unearthed data,as well as divergence in the definition of the Shang culture. The discrepancies have revealed the confusions in archaeological concepts and theoretical limitations. Archaeologists should strictly follow the standard procedure during excavation, and obey academic rules during interpretation. On the other hand, more scientific methods should be applied to achieve theoretic innovations and breakthroughs in such complicated research.