柴达木盆地春季沙尘暴变化特征分析

The characteristics of the sandstorm weather in Qaidam basin

利用柴达木盆地9站52a春季(3-5月)沙尘暴、扬沙日数及逐年气温、降水资料,以及1951~2013年西太平洋副高面积指数资料,通过统计学方法、突变检验、小波分析等方法,对沙尘暴、扬沙的气候变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:近50a来该区域春季沙尘暴、扬沙呈现下降趋势。沙尘暴年日数60年代最多,70年代至90年代逐步减少,到了21世纪头10年又有所回升。扬沙日数70年代比60年代增多,以后开始逐年代减少。沙尘暴、扬沙均有8年短周期和20年的长周期,目前两个周期均呈现出负值。1992年后沙尘暴次数呈现显著减少趋势,2002年后扬沙次数呈现显著减少趋势。大风日数、日照时数与沙尘暴、扬沙日数有很好的正相关,而气温和降水有很好的负相关对应关系。

The characteristics of sandstorm and sand-blowing climate changes were analyzed by using the 9 meteorological stations＇ data of sandstorm,sand-blowing and precipitation in Qaidam Basin from March to May over52 years. Besides,West Pacific subtropical high area index data from 1951 to 2013 was also added,and the statistical method,mutation testing and wavelet analysis were used. The results showed that the sandstorm and sand-blowing of Qaidam over 52 years showed a trend of decline. The average days of sandstorm were the highest in the 60＇s,and in70＇s,80＇s,＇s and 90＇s gradually reduced,but the first decade had been picked up. The sand-blowing days were more in the 70 ＇s than 60 ＇s. They all had 5 years and 7 years of negative short cycle. After1992,the number of sand dust storms in the Qaidam Basin was significantly reduced,and same for sand-blowing after 2002. The wind days,sunshine hours and sand dust storms,blowing sand day number had good positive correlations,while the temperature and precipitation had a good negative correlation.