叶面肥对玉米籽粒中矿物元素的影响分析

Analysis of Mineral Elements in Maize Kernel Treated with Leaf Fertilizers

Fe、Zn、Se等矿物元素在动植物以及人体的生长和发育过程中具有重要作用,为了提高玉米籽粒中Fe、Zn、Se的含量,对叶面喷施Fe、Zn、Se肥及其不同组合,探讨其对玉米成熟籽粒中的Fe、Zn、Se以及其它矿物元素含量的影响。使用不同浓度的硫酸亚铁(Fe肥)、硫酸锌(Zn肥)和亚硒酸钠(Se肥)及其不同组合对京科糯2010(JK2010)进行了叶面喷施处理。叶面喷施不同浓度的Fe肥、Zn肥和Se肥均能显著提高JK2010籽粒中Fe、Zn、Se元素的含量;Fe与Zn能够相互促进吸收,Se能够促进Zn的吸收,Fe与Zn对Se的积累有抑制作用;叶面喷施Fe、Zn、Se肥及其组合对玉米籽粒中Ca元素的积累有促进作用;不同的Fe、Zn、Se肥组合方式对籽粒中Cu的积累有不同的影响;总体上看叶面喷施Fe、Zn、Se肥及其组合对玉米籽粒中Mn、Mg、P等元素的积累影响不大。不同的叶面喷施组合处理中,Fe肥、Zn肥和Se肥三者配合使用能极显著的提高籽粒中Fe、Zn、Se元素的含量,为Fe、Zn、Se肥的生产应用提供新的策略,同时也发现Fe、Zn、Se肥的使用对籽粒中几种不同的矿物元素有不同的影响。

Iron（Fe）,zinc（Zn）and selenium（Se）are essential trace mineral elements in organism and play an important role in the growth and development of plants,animals and human body. In order to increase the contents of Fe,Zn and Se in maize seeds,wesprayed iron,zinc,selenium fertilizer and their combinations on leaves,and explores their effects on iron,zinc,selenium and other mineralelements in maize kernels. Different concentration of Fe,Zn and Se fertilizers and their combinations were sprayed to leaves of maize cultivarJK2010. The results showed that spraying Fe,Zn and Se fertilizers significantly increased Fe,Zn and Se contents in JK2010 seeds. Fe andZn promoted each other to increase their contents in seeds. Selenium promoted the Zn accumulation,whereas Fe and Zn slightly inhibitedSe accumulation. Application of Fe,Zn and Se fertilizers and their combinations promoted Ca accumulation in maize seeds,and presenteddifferent effects on Cu accumulation. Overall,Fe,Zn and Se fertilizer didn＇t affect the accumulations of Mn,Mg and P elements. The mixedFe/Zn/Se fertilizer extremely significantly increased Fe,Zn and Se contents in maize seeds,which provides a novel strategy for increasingFe,Zn,and Se contents in crop grains. The usage of Fe/Zn/Se fertilizers also presents varied influence on the contents of several other mineral elements in maize seeds.