新疆某大型水利工程分散性土鉴别研究

Study on Dispersive Soil Identification for a Large Water Conservancy Project in Xinjiang

分散性土是指在低含盐水量或者纯净水中颗粒的离子排斥力超过吸引力,从而导致土颗粒分散的黏性土,它具有抗剪强度低,抗冲刷能力很差的特性。因此,在雨水等外部因素的作用下,分散性土地区水利工程能够发生淋蚀、冲蚀、及渗透破坏。典型的案例有澳大利亚的莫韦尔坝、美国的韦斯特坝。另外,中国黑龙江的南部引嫩工程在尚未蓄水时就已经发现大量被雨水淋蚀的洞穴。这些工程的破坏给国家和人民带来巨大损失,因此研究土的分散性对于分散性土地区有着十分重大的意义。

Dispersive soil refers to the cohesive soil,which repulsive force of the particle ion exceeds the attraction in saltwater with low contents or in pure water,leading to soil particle to be dispersed,it characters as low shear strength and poor scour resistance capability. Therefore,acted by extra factors of rain etc,. leaching,erosion and leakage damage occurs to the water conservancy project in the dispersive soil area. There are two typical examples of Mowel dam in Australia and West Dam in America. In addition,a large amount of caverns eroded with rain have been found as not yet stored to the Nenjiang river diversion project in southern Heilongjiang Province in China. These damages of the project brings huge losses to the nation and people,therefore,to study the soil dispersibility is are of paramount importance in the dispersive soil area.