8种常用农药对家蚕的慢性毒性测定

Determination of Chronic Toxicity of Eight Pesticides to Silkworm

[目的]明确8种常用农药在推荐剂量下对家蚕的残留毒性。[方法]采用食下毒叶法评价了田间施用8种常用农药后对家蚕的残留毒性。[结果]8种农药在推荐剂量范围内喷施桑树后,10%四氯虫酰胺悬浮剂和60%乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂药后30 d仍引起家蚕急性中毒,其中毒率分别为18.90%和17.78%;吡丙醚乳油药后3 d未引起家蚕急性中毒,但药后15 d仍造成家蚕不能正常上蔟结茧;小檗碱水剂药后7 d未引起家蚕急性中毒,但药后7～10 d的家蚕不能正常上蔟结茧,药后15 d的多数蚕不能正常上蔟结茧;藜芦碱可溶性液剂药后5 d未引起家蚕急性中毒,但造成少数家蚕不能正常上蔟结茧,多数蚕结薄皮茧;戊菌唑水乳剂、苦皮藤素乳油、鱼藤酮乳油等药后15 d对家蚕的经济性状影响不大,但对家蚕的生长发育有影响,即龄期延长。[结论]戊菌唑水乳剂、苦皮藤素乳油、鱼藤酮乳油、藜芦碱可溶性液剂等4种药剂安全间隔期在15 d以上方可采叶喂蚕;四氯虫酰胺悬浮剂和乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂安全间期超过30 d以上,建议冬季桑园封园时使用;小檗碱水剂和吡丙醚乳油禁止在桑园及周边使用。

[Aims] The aims were to identify residual toxicity of 8 commonly used pesticides to silkworm under the recommended dose. [Methods] Food leaf poisoning method was used to evaluate residual toxicity of 8 commonly used pesticides to silkworm after the field application. [Results] After spraying 8 pesticides to the mulberry trees at the recommended dose, the chlorantraniliprole 10% SC and spinetoram 60% SC still cause acute poisoning of silkworm at30 d, the poisoning rate were 18.90 and 17.78%, respectively. Pyriproxyfen EC did not cause acute poisoning of silkworm at 3 d, but still caused silkworm can＇t normal cluster cocoon at 15 days. Berberine AS did not cause acute poisoning of silkworm at 7 d, but silkworm can＇t normal clusters cocoon at 7-10 d, after 15 d, most of silkworm can＇t normal cocoons cluster. Veratridine SL did not cause acute poisoning of silkworm at 5 d, but a few clusters on silkworm can＇t normal cocoon, most of the silkworm thin-skinned cocoon. Penconazole EW, celastrus angulatus EC, rotenone EC, etc. have little impact on the economic characters of silkworm at 15 d, but have influence on the growth and development of silkworm, extend the instar.[Conclusions] The safety interval of penconazole EW, celastrus angulatus EC, rotenone EC and veratridine SL should be more than 15 d before feeding silkworms, safety interval of chlorantraniliprole SC and spinetoram SC should be more than 30 d, suggested that use during the winter mulberry orchard sealing garden, berberine AS and pyriproxyfen EC prohibited to use in mulberry field and the surrounding environment.