含戊唑醇种衣剂对小麦的药害及其缓解药剂的研究

Study on Phytotoxicity of Seed Coating Agent Containing Tebuconazole to Wheat and Its Mitigation Agent

[目的]研究了含戊唑醇种衣剂对小麦的药害和不同缓解药剂对其药害的缓解效果。[方法]选用白土、膨润土、活性炭等9种吸附型缓解药剂于相同用量下分别将其与戊唑醇种衣剂混合,再以药种比1∶375包衣小麦种子,于小麦播种后7、10、14 d采样测定幼苗形态学指标和生理生化指标。[结果]戊唑醇种衣剂以药种比1∶375包衣小麦种子,小麦幼苗药害显著。9种缓解药剂均表现出不同程度的缓解作用:白土、泥粉处理和药害处理相比,显著增加小麦根长、株高和单株鲜重,提高小麦植株根系活力;膨润土处理在小麦播种后7 d能明显缓解受到药害植株的根长、株高和单株鲜重;硅胶粉处理在小麦播种后10 d能明显缓解受到药害植株的株高和单株鲜重,改善叶绿素含量和丙二醛含量。[结论]本研究结果为预防和减轻戊唑醇种衣剂对小麦的药害提供参考。

[Aims] The phytotoxicity of seed coating agent containing tebuconazole to wheat and the mitigation effects of some mitigation agents on the phytotoxicity were studied. [Methods] Nine mitigation agents（carclazyte, bentonite,activated carbon etc.） were mixed with seed coating agent containing tebuconazole in equal quantity respectively. Then the wheat seeds were coated by the mixtures at the amount of 1∶375（mass ratio of pesticides and seed）. Morphological indexes and biochemical indexes were measured at 7, 10, 14 days after the wheat sowing. [Results] The symptoms of phytotoxicity were obvious after the seeds of wheat coated by seed coating agent containing tebuconazole at the amount of 1∶375（mass ratio of pesticides and seed）. The treatments using mitigation agents showed mitigation effects on the phytotoxicity of seed coating agent containing tebuconazole to wheat in different degrees. The root length, seedling plant height, plant fresh weight and root activity increased obviously in the treatments using carclazyte and soil particales compared with the treatment using seed coating agent containing tebuconazole only. The root length, seedling plant height, plant fresh weight increased obviously in the treatments using bentonite after the wheat seeds sowing 7 days.The contents of chlorophyll and plant height, fresh weight increased and the content of the MDA decreased significantly in the treatment of silica-gel powder after the wheat seeds sowing 10 days. [Conclusions] The results provide a reference to prevent and mitigate of the phytotoxicity of seed coating agent containing tebuconazole to wheat.