重庆市工矿企业职业病危害特征分析

Analysison the Characteristics of Occupational Disease Hazard in Industrial and Mining Enterprises in Chongqing

目的了解重庆市工矿企业职业病危害特征,确定职业病危害关键控制因素及行业。方法在重庆市39个区(县)设置职业病危害监测点,收集职业病危害因素分布及监测数据、职业健康检查数据资料并进行分析。结果重庆市39区(县)辖区内,存在职业病危害因素的企业14 660家,其中8 455家企业存在重点职业病危害因素;接害劳动者437 617人次,其中重点职业病危害因素接触人数244 215人次;九龙坡区、璧山区、沙坪坝区是职业病重点危害地区,有工矿企业3 589家,有接害工人199 361人(45.56%);制造业、采矿业及电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业是重点行业(76.36%),接害人数最多(88.48%);经济类型以私营企业为主,共11 926家(81.35%),小型、微型企业共209 194(88.16%);职业病危害因素以物理因素为主,噪声接害人数最多,为168035(68.81%),噪声超标岗位占21.8%,接害人员职业禁忌证为3.41%,煤尘、矽尘超标率分别为12.6%和30.2%,疑似职业病病人比例为1.77%。结论应重点加强噪声、粉尘作业及小微、私营企业、制造业及采矿业的职业病防治,建立职业病危害信息化管理平台,加强部门合作,动态掌握职业病危害现状,以防治职业病和保护劳动者健康。

Objective To analyze the occupational disease hazard characteristics of industrial and mining enterprises in Chongqing and identify the key control factors and occupations of occupational disease hazard.Methods By setting up the occupational disease hazards monitoring sites in 39 districts（counties） of Chongqing,the paper collected the occupational disease hazard factors distribution and monitoring data andthe occupational health examination data,and used statistical software to analyze it.Results In the 39 districts（counties） of Chongqing,there were 14 660 enterprises with occupational disease hazard factors,among which,8 455 enterprises had the key occupational disease hazard factors.There were 437 617 people exposed to the hazard factors,and 244 215 of them were exposed to the key occupational disease hazard factors.Jiulongpo district,Bishan districtand Shapingba district were the key hazard areas of occupational diseases,running 3 589 industrial and mining enterprises,and where 199 361 workers were exposed to the hazards factors（45.56%）.Manufacturing,mining and electricity,thermal,gas and water production and supply industries were the key industries,accounting for 76.36% and the majority of casualties（88.48%）.Among all the economic type,The private enterprises were the main origin（11 926）,which accounted for 81.35%,and then the 209 194 small and micro-enterprises,accounting for 88.16%.Physical factors were the main causes of occupational disease hazard,noise pollution,which most workers（168 035） were exposed to,accounted for 68.81%,noise overweight positions accounted for 21.8%,there were 3.41% of workers who were exposed to the hazard factors had the occupational contraindications.the coal dust and silica dust were 12.6% and30.2%,higher than the limitation,and the suspected occupational disease patients rate was1.77%.Conclusion Occupational disease prevention and control should be strengthened and targeted to the industries with high noise and dust,small and micr-enterprises,private enterprises,manufacturing industry,and mining industry.To prevent and protect the health of workers,occupational disease hazard information management platform should be established,the cooperation among different departments should be strengthened,and the current situation of occupational disease hazards should be mastered dynamically.