试论马克思主义语言哲学——以方法论意义为基点

On Marxist Linguistic Philosophy——Based on the Significance of Methodology

20世纪以来,以本雅明、阿多诺、梅洛·庞蒂、勒塞克尔、哈贝马斯等人为代表的西方马克思主义学者将马克思主义语言哲学引入国内外学界的视野。在结构主义语言学逐步显现出形式性的当代,如何以马克思主义语言哲学的方法范式切入语言研究的场域已经成为一个关键问题。方法论意义上的马克思主义语言哲学体现着"总体""身体""主体"三条思维路径:首先,马克思主义语言哲学为"物、言、思、行"不可分断的语言总体,强调内在总体性的框架中探讨语言、行为、思想、物质与精神等要素;其次,马克思主义语言哲学以身体作为语言研究的重要载体,力图构建出劳动的、实践的、现实的语言的身体;最后,马克思主义语言哲学强调语言的主体塑造作用,力图揭示出现代社会中主体解放的语言路径。马克思主义语言哲学的方法论探析,为深入全面地贯彻马克思主义精神而提供了语言维度的哲学范式,由此,我们才能更为清晰地透视马克思主义哲学思想的时代精髓。

Since the 20 th century,Western Marxist scholars represented by Benjamin,Adorno,Merleau-Ponty,Lesekker,and Habermas have introduced the Marxist language philosophy to the horizon of scholars at home and abroad. In modern times when structuralist linguistics has gradually emerged its formality,how to enter the field of language research in the paradigm of Marxist language philosophy has become a key issue.Methodological Marxist language philosophy embodies the three thinking paths of ＂overall,＂＂body,＂and＂subject. ＂First,Marxist language philosophy is an inseparable linguistic total of＂objects,words,thoughts,and actions＂,emphasizing intrinsic totality. In the framework,language,behavior,thought,material and spiritual elements are discussed. Secondly,Marxist language philosophy uses body as an important carrier of language research. It tries to construct the physical body of labor,practice,languages,and reality. Finally,Marxist language Philosophy emphasizes the role of language in shaping the subject,trying to reveal the linguistic path of subject liberating in modern society. The methodological analysis of Marxist language philosophy provides a linguistic dimension of philosophical paradigm for the thorough and comprehensive implementation of the Marxist spirit. From this,we can more clearly perceive the epochal essence of Marxist philosophy.