社会韧性与风险治理

Social Resilience and Risk Governance

风险治理存在国家、市场和社会三种机制。社会韧性属于社会机制范畴,强调面对外界不确定性与扰动因素时,社会系统自身所具有的调节、恢复和适应能力,以维持社会结构的总体均衡。社会韧性具有稳定性、冗余性、应变性和及时性等特性。从理论上看,社会韧性的内在逻辑与经典风险理论中的制度主义、文化主义两种风险治理路径具有一定的内在契合性,他们均强调在社会组织、社会连接、社会认知等层面增强风险治理能力。从现实上看,社会韧性的理念与思维,有利于化解"中国式风险社会"在风险累积与叠加、风险转移与分配等方面的治理困境。社会韧性的建构,需要在对社会系统进行脆弱性分析的基础上,注重社会包容性、社会连接性和社会能动力的建设,从而逐渐完善风险治理的社会机制。

There are three mechanisms for risk governance： state,market and society. Social resilience belongs to the category of social mechanisms,emphasizing the ability of the social system to regulate,restore, and adapt itself in the face of external uncertainties and disturbances to maintain the overall equilibrium of the social structure. In reality,the concept and thinking of social resilience are conducive to resolving the governance dilemma of ＂Chinese risk society＂ in the areas of risk accumulation and superposition,risk transfer and distribution. The construction of social resilience needs to focus on the social inclusion,social connectivity,and social initiation based on the analysis of the social system＇s vulnerability,so as to gradually perfect the social mechanisms for risk governance.