辣椒越夏栽培垄上不同秸秆覆盖比较试验

Comparison Test of Different Cover Materials in Summer Cultivation of Chilli

为解决辣椒在越夏生长过程中因高温及强光照射致使辣椒栽培垄面上的土温增高、土壤水分蒸发量大及干旱加重等严重影响辣椒生长的问题,采取垄上覆盖材料的方法,在辣椒夏季生长垄上覆盖小麦秸秆、油菜籽秸秆、大蒜秸秆,比较不同覆盖处理对辣椒地土壤温度、湿度、辣椒生长、产量、病毒病的影响。结果表明:利用小麦秸秆、大蒜秸秆、油菜籽秸秆,土壤温度降低了0.51~1.64℃,土壤湿度提高了7.16~12.02百分点;坐果率提高8.7~8.9百分点,单果重提高0.1~0.2g,病毒病害的病情指数降低了18.6%~27.4%,产量提高6.9%~9.2%。3种覆盖材料均能较好地降低土壤温度及提高土壤湿度,利于辣椒根系的发育,降低病虫害的发生,提高辣椒产量及品质,并达到变废为宝、减轻环境污染的生态效果。总体表现,以覆盖小麦秸秆的效果最好,其次是覆盖大蒜秸秆、油菜籽秸秆。

In order to solve the problems seriously effected summer chilli growth including the increase of soil temperature on the ridge cultivation of pepper,soil moisture evaporation and drought aggravation due to high temperature and strong light irradiation,we compared the effect of different cover materials（garlic straw,wheat straw,and rapeseed straw）on the soil temperature,humidity,chilli growth,yield,and virus disease.The results showed that,under wheat straw,garlic straw and rapeseed straw treatments,soil temperature decreased 0.51-1.64 ℃,soil moisture increased by 7.16-12.02 percent point,the fruit rate increased by 8.7-8.9 percent point,single fruit increased by 0.1-0.2 g,the virus disease index decreased by 18.6%-27.4%,and yield increased by6.9%to 9.2%.In conclusion,all cover materials could well reduce soil temperature and soil moisture,conducive to the development of capsicum root system,reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests,improve hot pepper production and quality,turn waste into treasure,and reduce environmental pollution.Compared the overall performance,the effect of covering wheat straw was the best,followed by covering garlic straw,and rapeseed straw.