19世纪后期至20世纪初吧国公堂的房屋典当经营——以《公案簿》第13、14辑资料为中心的分析

The Housing Pawn Management of the Chinese Council in Batavia during the Late 19^(th) Century to the Early 20^(th) Century: A Study on the Gong An Bu Vol.13 and Vol.14

论文主要依据《公案簿》第13、14辑的资料,从吧城华人典当房屋给吧国公堂的原因、基本程序和吧国公堂经营房屋典当的风险控制、相关收益等方面,梳理研究了19世纪后期至20世纪初吧国公堂的房屋典当经营情况。结果显示,当时巴达维亚华人典当房屋的情况较为普遍,其与爪哇的经济发展遭遇危机及荷印殖民者长期实施的殖民剥削政策对吧城华人的经济生活所造成的双重压力有关;华人典当房屋给吧国公堂的程序较为复杂;吧国公堂采用多种风险控制手段,为其开展房屋典当经营活动提供了有力保障;吧国公堂的房屋典当经营活动,不仅对稳定当地华人社会起到了正面作用,也在一定程度上为公堂的日常管理工作提供了经费支持。

Based on Gong An Bu Vol.13 and Vol.14, this research examines housing pawn during the late 19^th century to the early 20^th century from the perspective of the reasons and the main procedures of Chinese pawning their houses to the the Chinese Council of Batavia, the risk of controlling the Chinese Council in the housing pawn business, and the earnings of the house pawning. It shows that the situation of Chinese pawning their houses was popular at that time, which was relevant to the double pressures from the economic crisis of Java and the standing exploitation policy adopted by Dutch Setters. Whereas the complicated process of pawning house, the Chinese Council of Batavia took various measurements to control risks, which provided strong guarantees to carry out house pawning business. The house pawning business in Batavia not only played a positive role to maintain stability of Chinese community, but also provided the expenditure guarantee for the daily management of the Chinese Council to some degree.