董仲舒的春秋公羊学式历史哲学

Dong Zhongshu's Historical Philosophy with the Language of Gongyang Theory of The Spring and Autumn Annals

董仲舒历史哲学的主要特征,在于从春秋历史的论述中醒悟到普遍意义的哲学思想,再将哲学思想运用于历史和现实政治生活,升华出了历史哲学的观点。董仲舒的作为历史理论的春秋公羊学的基本原理,带有强烈的政治主张和哲学意识形态,如大一统论、孔子改制论、三统说、华夷之辨、奉天法古论等。董仲舒春秋公羊学的哲学有着"天道化""阴阳五行化""大一统化""实用化"等丰富内涵。董仲舒对历史哲学的基本问题,都用自己的春秋公羊学语言,做出了论述:中国历史发展的规律是"不变"——"变"——"不变"之反——正——反命题;历史的主角是君主(圣人、王);左右历史规律、拨动历史前进的最终动力是最高神祗或最高主宰的"天"。

The main feature of Dong Zhongshu’s historical philosophy lies in the fact that he awakened to thephilosophical thought of universal significance in his elaboration of the history of the Spring and Autumn Period,applied it to the historical and realistic political life, and sublimated the view of historical philosophy. As the historicaltheory, the basic principle of Dong Zhongshu’s Gongyang theory of The Spring and Autumn Annals has great politicalideas and philosophical consciousness, such as the theory of grand unification, Confucius’ theory of system reform, santong theory, distinction between Chinese and foreigners, theory of following God’s will and the example of the ancients,etc. Dong Zhongshu’s philosophy in Gongyang theory of The Spring and Autumn Annals has rich connotation such as“law of nature”, “ying-yang and the five elements”, “the grand unification”, and “pragmatism”, etc. Dong Zhongshuelucidated the basic problems of the historical philosophy with his own languge of Gongyang theory of The Spring andAutumn Annals that the rule of the development of the Chinese history is from “unchanging” to “changing” and to“unchanging” again, which belongs to the proposition of “from inverse to positive and to inverse again, that theprotagonist is the monarch （the sage, the king）, and that the ultimate motive force of the historical law and the historicaldevelopment is the supreme God or the supreme “heaven”.