论中国哲学体用关系的发展历程

Development Process of the Noumenon-Phenomenon Relationship in Chinese Philosophy

体用关系的发展历程展现了中国传统本体论思维的形成和进展。从先秦至魏晋,中国哲学逐渐形成了朴素的体用思维。"道"与"器"之间呈现出一种"体用相即"的关系,表现为本体与现象的相即相离,二者并没有实现绝对统一。程朱道学受到中国佛教圆融思想的影响,形成了"体用一源"的本体论架构,并展现出一种超越思辨的形式。阳明、熊十力等人将本心作为万物所从出的精神根源,打通本体界与现象界,使体用之间实现了彻底的圆融无碍,形成以"体用不二"为特征的具有反思性和超越性的真心本体论。从体用关系的转变过程中,可以看到中国哲学的本体论思维不断走向成熟。

The development process of the noumenon-phenomenon relationship reflects the formation and progress oftraditional Chinese ontological thinking. From Pre-Qin dynasty to Wei and Jin dynasties, Chinese philosophy hasgradually formed the simple noumenon-phenomenon thinking. The relationship between “dao” and “qi” presents arelationship of “noumenon and phenomenon approaching to each other”, but shows that noumenon and phenomenonapproach to or separate from each other, thus they have not realized the absolute unity. Influenced by Chinese Buddhistthought of “harmony”, Cheng and Zhu’s Neo-Confucianism forms the ontological framework of “noumenon andphenomenon having the same source”, and shows a form of transcendence and reflection. Yang Ming and Xiong Shilitreat conscience as the spiritual root of all things on earth, overstep the limits between noumenon and phenomenon,realize the complete harmony between noumenon and phenomenon and form the reflective and transcendent ontologyof conscience with the characteristic of “noumenon being phenomenon and phenomenon being noumenon”. From thetransformation process of the relationship between noumenon and phenomenon, we could see that the ontologicalthinking of Chinese philosophy is becoming more and more mature.