日光温室春番茄果穗弯折现象调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Fruit Cluster Bending of Spring Tomato in Solar Greenhouse

为探讨番茄发生果穗弯折的原因,调查了同一日光温室18个春番茄品种及其不同层次果穗长度、果穗粗度、留果数量、温室内南北区域植株果穗的弯折状况。结果表明,在日光温室春茬栽培条件下,不同品种番茄的果穗弯折率显著不同,其中郑番12152、郑番12165和郑番12158品种的弯折率高达80.00%以上,而郑番1203、美帅、博雅和15MG品种的果穗弯折率低于20.00%。不同品种番茄果穗长度和粗度也不同,果穗越长和越细,果穗弯折率越高。不同品种间各层果穗的弯折率也有较大差异,第1层果穗弯折率均为0,而第2、3、4、5层穗果弯折率高低不一。同时,番茄果穗弯折率还与单穗留果数目有关,每穗留果数目越多,果穗弯折率越高。另外,果穗弯折还与分布区域有关,日光温室内南部区域的果穗弯折率比北部区域的要低10.76%。可见,日光温室春番茄果穗弯折现象与多种因素的影响有关。

In order to investigate the cause of tomato cluster bending phenomenon,18 spring tomato varieties in a solar greenhouse were surveyed for the different levels of cluster length,cluster diameter,fruit number,cluster bending condition in north and south regions of the greenhouse.The results showed that under spring cultivation condition the cluster bending rate of different tomato varieties was significantly different,among which Zhengfan 12152,Zhengfan 12165 and 12158 were more than 80.00％ and the rate Zhengfan 1203,Meishuai,Boya and 15MG were lower than 20.00％.The cluster length and thickness of different varieties of tomato were different,the longer and thinner the cluster,the higher the bending rate of the cluster.Concerning each cluster the bending rate of different varieties also varied greatly.The bending rate of the first cluster was 0,while the bending rate of the second,third,fourth and fifth cluster was different.At the same time,the cluster bending of tomato was related to the number of the single panicle.The more the number of the fruit per panicle,the higher the bending rate of the cluster.In addition,cluster bending was also related to the distribution area,and the average bending rate in the southern region was lower than that in the northern region by 10.76％.Therefore,the cluster bending phenomenon of spring tomato in solar greenhouse may be related to many factors.