小学第二学段学生数学运算能力的现状调查

Survey on the Current Situation of Mathematical Operational Ability in the Second Learning Period among Students in Primary Schools

运算能力作为一种基本的数学能力,是影响小学生数学学业成就的重要因素。为了解第二学段学生数学运算能力的现状,运用《中国小学生数学基本能力测试量表》中的"数学运算领域"量表对431名学生进行调查。发现:在数学运算能力各维度中,学生对除法掌握得最好;数学运算能力各维度两两都呈现显著的正相关;学生在数学运算能力及各维度的表现上不存在显著的性别差异,但在年级和是否喜欢数学上存在显著差异。对此,建议采用多维度多样化的运算练习方式,增强运算练习的趣味性;注重运算概念、公式、法则的教学,帮助学生理解运算的本质;重视第二学段学生非智力因素的培养,建立积极的数学情感。

As a basic mathematical ability, operational ability is an important factor affecting the mathematicalachievement of students in primary schools. In order to understand the current situation of mathematical operationalability among Students in primary schools, this paper surveyed 431 students by using the scale of “the mathematicaloperation field” stemming from The Test Scale of Mathematical Basic Ability Among Chinese Students in PrimarySchools. The results show that among all dimensions of mathematical operation ability, students have the bestmastery of division; there is a significantly positive correlation between every two dimensions within mathematicaloperation ability; there is no significant gender difference in students’mathematical operation ability and theirperformance in all dimensions, but the obvious difference in grades and preferences. Based on this, it is suggested toadopt multi-dimensional and diversified operation practice methods to enhance the fun of operation practice, payattention to the teaching of operational concepts, formulas and rules to help students understand the essence ofoperations, focus on the cultivation of students’non -intelligence factors in the second learning period, andestablish positive mathematical emotion.