神经外周间隙生理盐水扩张法在腋路臂丛阻滞中的应用

Application of perineural space expansion by normal saline in axillary brachial plexus block

目的·比较超声引导下神经外周间隙生理盐水扩张联合血管旁注射法(perineural space expansion-perivascular technique,PSEPV)与传统血管旁注射法(perivascular technique,PV)在腋路臂丛阻滞中的临床效果。方法·采用随机、对照、双盲的方法,将60例急诊手部外伤患者分为2组,分别为PSE-PV组和PV组,每组30例,麻醉方法均为超声引导下腋路臂丛阻滞。PSE-PV组在腋动脉正上方12点方位注射5 mL生理盐水将目标神经与腋动脉及周围组织分离后再注射15 mL 0.5%罗哌卡因;PV组在腋动脉12点方位直接注射20 mL 0.5%罗哌卡因。记录操作后30 min感觉和运动阻滞评分、操作时间、阻滞成功率、不良反应发生情况。结果·PSEPV组的感觉、运动阻滞评分分别为1.7±0.3和1.6±0.3,PV组分别为1.8±0.4和1.6±0.3,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。PSE-PV组操作时间为(4.0±1.3)min,略高于PV组的(3.9±1.1)min,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患者的神经阻滞成功率均为100%。仅有PV组1例患者发生轻度局部麻醉药中毒反应。结论·超声引导下神经外周间隙生理盐水扩张法可以减少腋路臂丛阻滞局部麻醉药用量,麻醉效果与传统方法相当,未增加神经阻滞操作时间和不良反应。

Objective To compare the clinical effect of ultrasound-guided perineural space expansion by normal saline combined with perivascular technique（PSE-PV） with traditional perivascular technique in axillary brachial plexus block（PV）. Methods A randomized, controlled, and double blind study was performed. Sixty patients arranged for emergency hand surgery were allocated to 2 groups, i.e. PSE-PV group and PV group, with 30 cases in each group receiving ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block. For PSE-PV group, injection was carried out at the 12 o＇clock position using 5 mL of normal saline firstly to expand the perineural space followed by 15 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine at the same position. The patients of PV group got their injections of 20 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine at the direction of 12 o＇clock of axillary artery. The sensory and motor blockade assessment 30 min after drug injection, performance time, success rate, and adverse events were recorded. Results The sensory and motor blockade scores were 1.7±0.3 and 1.6±0.3 in PSE-PV group, and 1.8±0.4 and 1.6±0.3, respectively in PV group without significant differences（P〉0.05）. The performance time of PSE-PV group was（4.0±1.3） min, a little longer than that of PV group, but the difference was not statistically significant（P〉0.05）. The success rates of nerve block reached 100% in both groups. Only 1 case in PV group reacted to the local anesthetics. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided perineural space expansion by normal saline reduces dosage of local anesthetics in axillary brachial plexus block, which has similar anesthetic effect, performance time and adverse effect with traditional perivascular method.