形态计量学在蚋类幼虫龄数研究中的应用

Applications of morphometry in the studies of black fly(Diptera: Simuliidae) instar number

蚋是一类世界性分布的重要医学昆虫,吸血骚扰人类、家畜和家禽,还能传播疾病。蚋类幼虫水生,以水中细微颗粒和微生物为食。北美国家利用苏云金芽孢杆菌来杀灭蚋类幼虫,以控制媒介蚋类种群数量,幼虫龄期是影响其灭幼效价的重要因素,要求对幼虫龄数有很好研究,因此大量报道致力于调查蚋类幼虫龄期。而至今我国蚋类防控及相关研究仍相对滞后,因此本文综述了昆虫蜕皮相关生物学机制、形态计量学、聚类分析及形态计量学在30余种蚋类幼虫龄数研究中的应用,从研究取材、测量和数据分析方法的演变,论述形态计量学分析时存在问题及其根源,对蚋类虫龄数研究方法学改进提出可行方案。

Black fly is a worldwide distributing dipteran insect of considerable medical importance. It feeds on blood of human,livestock and poultry,and transmits diseases during blood-sucking. Larva of black fly inhabits in running water,feeding on tiny particles and microbes. Pest black fly is currently being managed using Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis as larvicide in North America,where larval age is a factor that associated with larvicidal activities. Thus,detailed knowledge on growth stages of targeted pest larva required which stimulated research efforts dedicated on instar determination of black flies.However,knowledge on larval growth of Chinese black flies is still remained fragmental. In this paper,we reviewed general biological mechanism related to insect molting,morphometry and clustering analysis,and the applications of morphometry on instar number of 32 studied black fly species. An outline of methodological evolution involved in instar determination of black flies were provided. The difficulties of morphometry analysis were addressed. And appropriate solutions were proposed.