宁夏回族聚居区城镇化对农户生计的影响

The Impact of Urbanization on the Livelihood of Farmers in the Hui Nationality Gathering Area in Ningxia

选取宁夏回族聚居区处于城镇化发展不同阶段的8个县,采用半结构访谈方法对16个村域348名农户进行了问卷调查,依据生计资本理论进行了评价。城镇化快速发展改变了农户以地为生的传统单一生计模式,催生出了务工主导型、半工半农型和务农主导型三种新型生计方式。城镇化水平高低也直接影响到了农户生计策略选择,一般城镇化水平较高地区以务工为主,而城镇化水平较低地区以务农为主。不同的生计资本对农户影响程度不一,其中自然资本是决定农户生计模式选择的基础,而人力资本是目前制约农户发展的主要因素。

Selecting eight counties of three different urbanization development stages in Hui nationality gathering area of Ningxia as the research objects,the paper obtains data by using semi-structural interview method to survey 348 farmers around 16 villages in these counties. Then,the evaluation index system of farmers＇ livelihood capital was built and was evaluated by using entropy index method. Rapid development of urbanization has changed the farmers for the traditional and single living means and formed three new means of livelihood including： working-leading,balanced livelihood model of working and farming and farming-leading livelihood model. The level of urbanization has been directly affecting the choice of farmers＇ livelihood strategy. Generally,the farmers in the high level of urbanization will choose to work in cities as the main means of livelihood,but the other farmers in the low level of urbanization will choose to do farm work in rural area as the main means of livelihood. Different livelihood capital has different impact on the farmers. Specifically,natural capital is the basis for the choice of farmers＇ livelihoods model,but the human capital is the main factor that restricts the development of farmers.