河北省冬小麦专用肥配方优化研究

Optimization of the Special Fertilizer Formula in Winter Wheat in Hebei Province

为了给肥料生产企业筛选出高产配方,在河北省5个不同市(县)通过多点田间试验对撒可富小麦专用肥的氮磷钾配方进行优化调整,并通过田间示范校验了新配方。结果表明:与基础配方相比,不施基肥和单质化肥配比都会造成冬小麦减产,而适当调增氮磷钾比例能显著提高小麦产量。在撒可富原配方基础上增加氮磷比例有利于提高冬小麦的有效穗数和穗粒数,而增加钾比例有利于提高冬小麦穗粒数。原小麦专用肥配方18-18-6、15-20-10可优化调整为18-18-9、18-23-6、23-18-6、19-20-10。68个示范农户中,84.6%的示范户增产,平均增产9.1%,新增经济效益1 081元/hm^2。

In order to screen the suitable high-yield formulas for fertilizers producing enterprise, multipoint field experiments was conducted to optimize and adjust NPK ratio of SACF compound fertilizers in winter wheat in five counties and cities in Hebei province, and check the new formulas by a lot of field demonstrations. The reulsults showed that winter wheat yield was decreased with no basal fertilizers and combination application of single chemical NPK fertilizers in contrast to the original formula, however, winter wheat yield was significantly increased by appropriately increasing the ratio of NPK. On the basis of the original SACF compound fertilizers, effective spike number and grain numbers were improved by increasing the ratio of NP, and grain numbers was improved by increasing the ratio of K. The original special fertilizers formulas of 18-18-6 and 15-20-10 could be adjust to 18-18-9, 18-23-6, 23-18-6, and 19-20-10 in winter wheat. In 68 of demonstration farmers, 84.6% of farmers＇ wheat yield was increased by 9.1%, and economic benefit was increased by 1 081 yuan/hm^2.