冯友兰“负的方法”新探

A New Review On Feng Youlan's Negative Method

冯友兰先生对"负的方法"的模糊阐释,导致了学界争议:"负的方法"若是中国哲学的直觉法,则无法与新理学中"正的方法"相协调;"负的方法"若是一种逻辑分析法,则难以说明形而上学中的"不可说"。这一两难争议的消解有赖于三个问题的澄清:其一,"负的方法"是一种什么方法?其二,它与中国哲学的直觉法是何关系?其三,它是如何言说"不可说"的?经考察,"负的方法"是一种形而上学方法、逻辑分析方法和神秘主义方法。它的中国哲学来源并非是强调个人体认的直觉法,而是禅宗中注重语言分析的破执法。在言说"不可说"时,它以逻辑分析的否定命题呈现此"不可说"的"边界",以"边界"间接地表显形而上学中的"不可说"。

Due to Feng Youlan’s ambiguous interpretation of negative method,there is an academic debate： if negative method is the same as intuitive method in Chinese philosophy,it can’t coordinate with the positive method in Neo-Li Teaching; if negative method is a logical analysis method,it may not explain the mystery assumption in metaphysics. The key to solving this debate lies in clarifying three problems： First,what kind of method can be deemed as negative method？ Second,what is the relationship between negative method and intuitive method in Chinese philosophy？ Third,how does it clarify the mystery？ In conclusion,negative method is a kind of metaphysical,logical and mysterious method. It is rooted in the linguistic analysis method of Chan Buddhism rather than intuitive method. Besides,it,with the help of negative proposition of logic analysis,shows the boundary of the mystery,which demonstrates the mystery of metaphysics in an indirect way.