抗战时期重庆市取缔随地吐痰运动

Banning Spitting Movement in Chongqing during the Anti-Japanese War

民国时期,有限的医疗卫生条件对肺结核的治疗不尽理想,社会精英们为了有效地预防肺结核、塑造国人良好的卫生习惯对随地吐痰这一国民陋习极尽批评。抗战爆发后,随着战时国民政府和大量人口的内迁,随地吐痰这一陋习在战时首都重庆显得尤其严重。这不仅对战时首都的卫生防疫与公共安全提出了挑战,更于战时首都的城市形象不利。为了取缔市民随地吐痰的陋习、保障市民健康和整饬陪都市容,重庆市卫生局等发起成立了重庆市公共卫生运动委员会,并联合多个机关组织开展了一场取缔随地吐痰运动。但是,这场"自上而下"的宣传劝导运动在对日抗战的特殊历史背景下,缺乏持久性、强制性和必要的客观环境,最终难有实效。

In the Republic of China,poor sanitary conditions made the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis（TB）ineffective,so in order to prevent tuberculosis and develop people＇s good health habit,the elites poor did their utmost to call for no spitting to the public.After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,Spitting everywhere seemed much more serious with the migration of the central government and a large number of people in Chongqing,which was the alternate capital at that time.That was not only a big challenge to the epidemic prevention and public security,but also a negation of the city image.In order to ban public spitting habits,protect the public health and construct the image of the city,the Public Health Campaign Committee of Chongqing was established and a banning spitting movement was developed.However,the ＂top-down＂movement that focused on propaganda and persuasion lacked persistence,enforceability and necessary objective environment,so it could not get achievements.