OECD国家高中阶段普职结构调整的基本经验与发展态势

The Basic Experience and Development Trend of the Structure Adjustment of the General Education/Vocational Education at the Stage of High School in OECD Countries

高中阶段的普职比是牵动基础教育与高等教育协调发展的枢纽。OECD数据显示:其在1996-2015年间保持了大体相当的普职规模,并呈现出"提高普高招生比重/降低职高比重"的调整趋势。影响普职结构的因素中既有经济发展水平、劳动力市场需求等外因,也有高等教育入学率、普职两轨融通度以及高中和成人继续教育普及度等教育体系内部因素。我国高等教育尚未实现普及,暂不宜进一步压缩全日制中等职业教育比重,而应通过综合高中和成人继续教育形式增加中职教育机会。

This paper explores the structures and changes of the ratio of general education/vocational education in OECD countries in the past twenty years. The educational statistical data of OECD shows that the countries of OECD have maintained a similar scale of the general high school and vocational high school in 1996—2015 years,and shows the trend of＂increasing the enrolment proportion of high school and reducing the enrolment proportion of vocational school＂. The factors affecting the structures of general high school/vocational high school include the external factors,such as the level of economic development,the demand for the labour market,as well as the internal factors,such as the enrolment rate of higher education,the double track system of employment,the popularity of high school and adult continuing education. The higher education in China has not been popularized yet,so it is not suitable to further compress the proportion of full-time secondary vocational education,but it should increase the opportunity of secondary vocational education through the form of comprehensive high school and adult continuing education.