南海问题中的美菲同盟与菲律宾外交术——基于权力运用观的分析

A Relational Power Analysis:The U.S.-Philippines Alliance and the Philippines' Statecraft on the South China Sea Issue

受限于薄弱的经济和军事力量,在南海问题上菲律宾通过加强美菲同盟的策略试图取得优势。美国则借中菲南海争端,通过巩固与菲律宾的同盟关系维护自身在西太平洋的存在。但是由于两国在南海问题中立场与利益的不同,以及中美、中菲关系的结构性差异,美国无法完全按照菲律宾的利益行事。除了有限地帮助菲律宾提升防御能力,美国对菲律宾的支持是宣传性的,即制造出美国十分重视盟友利益、菲律宾在与中国的南海争端中有美国帮衬的表象,其目的是迷惑中国对局势的判断并且限制中国的政策选项。所以在外交术的分类中,加强美菲同盟的策略既是军事性也是宣传性外交术。加强美菲同盟的策略没有改变南海问题现状,中美关系或中菲关系的整体发展也没有因此受到阻碍。通过权力运用观下一国获得对他国权力的条件考察加强美菲同盟这一策略,可得出菲律宾未能通过该策略在南海问题中获得对中国的优势。但是这一策略充分体现了在国际政治中菲律宾积极超越自身不足的主动性。

Constrained by weak economic and military capabilities, the Philippines tries to strengthen the U.S.-Philippines alliance in order to gain an edge on the South China Sea issue. With the aim to maintain its supremacy in western Pacific,US exploits the standoffs between China and the Philippines in South China Sea and uses those opportunities to improve its alliance with the Philippines. However,because the U.S. and Philippines has different positions on the South China Sea issue and interests in it,and the structural differences between China-U.S. and China-Philippines relations,the U.S. cannot act completely in accordance with Philippines' interests on the South China Sea issue. Except for helping the Philippines to enhance its defensive capability in a very limited way,the support the U.S. provides is no more than propaganda,which is the construction of the impression that the U.S. has deep concerns for the Philippines and stands by its side,and the purpose of which is to mislead China and narrow down China' s policy options. Therefore in the taxonomy of strategies of statecraft,the strategy of strengthening the U.S.-Philippines alliance is classified both as military statecraft and propaganda. The strengthened U.S.-Philippines alliance does not change the status-quo in South China Sea. Neither the development of China-U.S.relations nor that of China-Philippines relations is obstructed by it. The strategy of strengthening the U.S.-Philippines alliance is evaluated according to the conditions that A gains power over B in relational power and it concludes that Philippines fails to gain an edge on the South China Sea issue through strengthening the U.S.-Philippines alliance. However,that strategy manifests the Philippines' initiative in transcending its limitations in international politics.