传统教师观的历史沿变及意义

The Historical Development and Significance of the Traditional View on Teachers

中华民族一直有尊师重道的优良传统,从先秦儒家、汉唐经学家、宋明理学家、明清实学家对教师问题的诸多论述中可以看出传统教师观的主要特征,即师严与道尊的统一,师道与君亲的统一,经师与人师的统一,教与学的统一,宽与严的结合等。这些特征构成了中国特有的教师文化,时至今日,仍有其重要意义,既为当今师德建设和师德教育发展奠定了良好的基础,也可为当今的教师发展提供具有民族特色的文化资源与历史借鉴。

The Chinese nation has always had a fine tradition of respecting teachers and esteeming truth. In the views expressed by the Confucianists in the pre-Qin period,the scholars to study Confucian Classics in the Han and Tang dynasties,the Neo-Confucianists in the Song and Ming dynasties and the practical scholars in the Ming and Qing dynasties,we can see the traditional views on teachers are characterized by the unity of the teacher＇s dignity and the truth＇s inviolability,the unity of the teacher and the monarch,the unity of the classics teacher（ teacher who teaches people to learn the Confucian classics） and the life tutor（ teacher who teaches people to be a man）,the unity of teaching and learning,the combination of leniency and strictness. These characteristics have constituted the unique teacher culture of China,which is still of great significance today.