综合性医院护士遭受工作场所暴力的现状调查

A Survey on the Current Status of the Workplace Violence Against Nurses in General Hospitals

目的了解综合性医院护士遭受工作场所暴力的现状,以期为制定相关政策提供现实依据。方法 2016年,便利抽样法选某地2所三级甲等综合性医院的护士206名为研究对象,采用医院工作场所暴力调查问卷修订版对其进行调查。分析综合医院工作场所暴力事件的特征、护士对工作场所暴力的认知和应对态度。结果综合性医院护士1年内遭受医院暴力的发生率为51.4%,其中语言辱骂发生率最高,占50.0%。独生子女、改行意愿强烈的护士遭受工作场所暴力的发生率较高,且不同科室、对患者态度不同的护士,其遭受医院工作场所暴力事件的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。施暴者以中年男性、患者家属为主。暴力事件最常发生于住院部的病房和白班时段。护士遭受工作场所暴力前4位的施暴原因分别为素质低、等候时间长、不满护士工作、对治疗效果不满意。护士对工作场所暴力应对方式排在前3位的是耐心解释、忍让回避、求助同事。护士对工作场所暴力的总体知晓率为87.9%。开展有关工作场所暴力培训、鼓励上报工作场所暴力及医院采取公平处理暴力事件的态度时,其医院工作场所暴力事件发生率较低(P<0.05)。结论护士遭受工作场所暴力的现象较普遍,医院管理部门和护理管理者应根据医院暴力的影响因素采取有效的综合干预措施以减少医院暴力的发生。

Objective To investigate the current status of workplace violence against nurses in general hospitals.Methods A total of 206 nurses working in two general hospitals were recruited by convenience sampling method.They were investigated with the modified version of hospital workplace violence questionnaire.Results The incidence of workplace violence against nurse in the general hospital a year was 51.4%,with the highest rate of verbal abuse,accounting for 50%.Nurses who are only-one child,or have strong willingness of carrer change suffered from more workplace violence and there were significant differences of workplace violence against nurses in different departments and with different attitudes towards patients（P〈0.05）.The main perpetrators were middle-aged,male family members.The workplace violence happend mostly in inpatient department and during day time.The top four reasons for workplace against nurse were bad-mannered,long waiting time,unsatisfied with nurses＇ work,and unsatisfied with the treatment effect.Explaining with patience,tolerance and avoidance,and seeking help from collegues were the three main coping stlyes of nurses.The total awareness rate of workplace violence among nurses was 87.9%.The incidence of workplace violence was quite low in hospitals with workplace violence related training,encouragement of workplace voilence report and fair attitude towards workplace violence（P〈0.05）.ConclusionWorkplace violence against nurses was quite common.Hospital administrative departments and nursing administrators should take effective and comprehensive interventions aimed at its influencing factors to reduce workplace violence against nurses.