危险源和隐患的内涵辨析

Connotation Distinctions between Hazard and Yinhuan

为辨析危险源和隐患的内涵,剖析了它们表征的现象和致因关系,讨论了它们的实质,并在此基础上对危险源和隐患进行了重新定义,论述了它们之间的关系。结果表明:危险源的本质特征是具有可能失控的能量(危险物质),危险源是指具有可能失控的超高能量、危险物质、危险状态的系统、技术、活动、场所等;隐患本质上属于安全条件、安全措施范畴,隐患是指造成控制危险源安全措施(条件)缺失、低效、失效的违法违规现象或行为;危险源和隐患属于内外因的关系,危险源是内因,其决定固有风险,隐患是外因,其增加现实风险;危险源和隐患服从唯物辩证法的内外因作用原理,即内因是变化的根据,外因是变化的条件,外因通过内因而起作用;事故(职业病)是危险源和隐患内外因共同作用的结果。

In order to distinguish the connotations of Hazard and Yinhuan,this paper dissects the phenomenology characterized and causation on them and discusses the ontologies on them,and then the paper redefines hazard and yinhuan,and disscusses the velationship between them.The results show that the essential characteristics of hazard is that energy（hazardous materials）may be out of control and hazards are systems,technology,activities or places with ultrahigh-energy,hazardous materials or dangerous conditions out of control.Yinhuan belongs to the category of safety conditions or measures and they are illegal phenomenons or behaviors leading to missing,inefficient or failure of safety conditions or measures for controlling hazards.Hazards are internal causes determining inherent risk;Yinhuan refers to external causes increasing real risks.Hazards and yinhuan obey the principles of internal and external factors of materialistic dialectics,namely,internal factors are the basis of changes,and external factors are the conditions of changes,external factors work through internal factors.An accident（or one kind of occupational diseases）is the result of the joint action of internal causes and external causes of the hazards and yinhuans.