美国金融机构的分类与监管

Classification and Supervision of U.S. Financial Institutions

美国的金融机构大致分为商业银行、银行控股公司、储蓄机构、信用社、财务公司、投资银行、共同基金、保险公司和养老基金等类别。其中,监管机构对商业银行实施资本金要求和其他审慎监管,并受到存款保险和央行"最后贷款人"支持;银行控股公司受联邦储备系统及专业职能管理机构管理;储蓄机构也处在严格监管下;信用社由国家信用社管理局监管并提供存款保险;财务公司受到的监管少;投资银行可以获取流动性支持,也受到银行控股公司监管条例的严格约束。

The U.S. financial institutions are roughly divided into categories such as commercial banks,bank holding companies, savings institutions, credit unions, financial companies, investment banks, mutual funds, insurance companies,and pension funds. Among them,the regulatory agencies impose capital requirements and other prudential supervision on commercial banks,and are supported by deposit insurance and the ＂Last Lenders＂ of the Central Bank; bank holding companies are managed by the Federal Reserve System and professional function management agencies; and savings institutions are also under strict supervision. The credit unions are supervised by the National Credit Cooperative Authority and provide deposit insurance; financial companies are subject to less supervision;investment banks can obtain liquidity support and are also subject to stringent restrictions of bank holding company supervision regulations.