不同基质配比对番茄幼苗生长的影响

Effects of Different Substrate Formulas on the Growth of Tomato Seedlings

[目的]筛选出适合番茄穴盘育苗的最佳基质配比。[方法]采用菇渣、草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩、醋糟、牛粪为原料基质,按不同体积比组成复合基质,研究不同基质的基质理化特性及其对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响。[结果]醋糟∶草炭∶蛭石=40%∶40%∶20%和菇渣∶草炭∶蛭石=40%∶40%∶20%复合基质的各理化性质均在番茄幼苗生长的适宜范围内,播种后出苗率在98%以上,该基质配比下幼苗的株高、茎粗、根长、地上鲜重、根系活力、叶绿素和可溶性糖含量均高于其他处理。[结论]醋糟∶草炭∶蛭石=40%∶40%∶20%和菇渣∶草炭∶蛭石=40%∶40%∶20%复合基质较适宜作为番茄穴盘育苗的基质,同时菇渣和醋糟代替了部分草炭,解决了草炭资源不足的问题。

[Objective] To screen the optimal substrate for tomato seedling. [Method]Mixed mushroom residue,turf,vermiculite,perlite,vinegar residue and cow dung at different volume ratios were used as the compound substrate. Their physical and chemical properties were analyzed and their effects on the growth of tomato seedlings were researched. [Result]The physical and chemical properties of two compound substrates（ vinegar residue ∶turf ∶vermiculite=40% ∶40% ∶20% and mushroom residue ∶turf ∶vermiculite = 40% ∶40% ∶20%） were in the proper range,and the emergence rate of seedlings was more than 98%. In additon,seedlings grown on them were better than other treatments,including plant height,stem diameter,root length,aboveground fresh weight,root activity,chlorophyll and soluble sugar content. [Conclusion]Two compound substrates（ vinegar residue ∶turf ∶vermiculite = 40% ∶40% ∶20% and mushroom residue ∶ turf ∶ vermiculite = 40% ∶ 40% ∶ 20%） were more suitable to be used as substrate for tomato seedling. Mushroom residue and vinegar residue could replace part of the turf,which solved the problem of not enough resources of turf.