明代佛教“分寺清宗”政策变迁与瑜伽教僧地位嬗变探究

Study on Divided into the Temple and Sects of Buddhism and the Evolution of Yuqie Monk's Status in the Ming Dynasty

洪武时期,明太祖朱元璋将全国佛寺按性质划分为禅、讲、教三类,并对教僧颇为重视。而明中叶以后,教内外各种因素的滋长蔓延,使得禅、讲、教三宗分立的局面日渐趋于模糊,以教僧为代表的经忏佛教,日渐成为明清佛教的主流与特色。禅、讲、教的宗际模糊与教僧身份地位的嬗变浮沉,也是佛教世俗化倾向加剧的一大表征。

Zhu Yuan-zhang had divided the Buddhist temples into three kinds： Zen temple,Jiang temple and Yuqie temple in the Hongwu period,and he attached great importance to the Yuqie monks. After the mid-Ming Dynasty,various factors were spreading from the inside and outside of Buddhism,the situation was getting blurred,Yuqie monk began the representative of the rituals Buddhism in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The transformation of Yuqie monk＇s status was the major characterization of Buddhist secularization tends in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.